Ergonomia na aviaÃÃo: um estudo crÃtico da responsabilidade dos pilotos na causalidade dos acidentes

AUTOR(ES)
DATA DE PUBLICAÇÃO

2006

RESUMO

Oficial documents about aviation accidents always attribute the responsability to pilots or on a combined cause participation with others causes as environment or methereological factor at a proportion near 80%. We must consider that the pilot receives the machine that begins its design years before. Now he has the obligation to mantain this artefact flying, with its 50.000 Kg weight and 200 passengers on board. This complex machine depends on the perfect conditions of operation but the human is fallible and the equipment also faills and will also present defect eventualy. On the search to the technical and opperational perfection the pilot is inserted, who, after all, is remaining inside the aircraft when an accident accours and that pays the high price sometimes with his own life. Pilots always make errors but it is necessary to analyse the origins of this erros that certainly are related with some initial project errors or due to maintanence procedures or even to the lack of trainning (that was not conducted on appropriated format) or errors at the work planning or corporative negligence about crew health or eventualy related to problems caused by air trafic control, unupdated navigation charts or finally, problems with onboard computers programs errors and others. A critical study based on official aviation accidents informations was realized getting an selected issue obtained on internationals an national Bureaus of investigation and prevention of aircraft accidents like NTSB (National Transport Safety Board from United States of America). All the originals diagnostics presented on these reports was preserved without contestation. The objective was to look for the origins of the causes. A Data base computer system was developed to implement and to perform the data cross and to prospect the posibility of existing the ergonomics factors that should be an contributive factor to the aviation causes. This system indicates that 42% of cognitive factor is present in the acidents. Finaly, it is showed the recommendations about trainning, communication, fire protection, group of investigation accident behavior and composition of this team and some changes on homologation arplanes roules. The conclusions was written about incapacitation an its causes, night flights or without visibility, errors and evaluations at the dynamics of flight

ASSUNTO(S)

ergonomia ergonomics lingÃÃstica, letras e artes automation in aircrafts automaÃÃo em aeronaves erro humano human errors

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