Enhancement of iontophoretic transport of diphenhydramine hydrochloride thermosensitive gel by optimization of pH, polymer concentration, electrode design, and pulse rate
AUTOR(ES)
Kotwal, Vikram
FONTE
Springer-Verlag
RESUMO
The purpose of the present study was to explore the passive and electrically assisted transdermal transport of diphenhydramine hydrochloride (DPH) by iontophoresis. For better bioavailability, better patient compliance, and enhanced delivery of DPH, an iontophoretic drug delivery system of a thermosensitive DPH gel was formulated using Lutrol F-127. The study was conducted using silver-silver chloride electrodes across hairless pig skin. The effects of pH, polymer concentration, electrode design, and pulse rate on the DPH permeation were investigated. The relationship between temperature, viscosity, and conductance of DPH was correlated using conductometry. Iontophoretic transport of DPH was found to increase with a decrease in the pH of the medium and an increase in the surface area of the electrode. Viscosity measurements and flux calculations indicated the suitability of the Lutrol gel for transdermal iontophoretic delivery of DPH. Anodal pulsed iontophoresis with disc electrode significantly increased the DPH skin permeation as compared with the passive controls.
ACESSO AO ARTIGO
http://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?artid=2750706Documentos Relacionados
- Bicarbonate Uptake by Nitrifiers: Effects of Growth Rate, pH, Substrate Concentration, and Metabolic Inhibitors
- Acid-Base Alterations and Renal Gluconeogenesis: Effect of pH, Bicarbonate Concentration, and PCO2*
- INTERRELATIONS OF PLASMA POTASSIUM CONCENTRATION, PLASMA SODIUM CONCENTRATION, ARTERIAL pH AND TOTAL EXCHANGEABLE POTASSIUM*
- Effect of pH, Protein Concentration, and Ionic Strength on Heat Inactivation of Staphylococcal Enterotoxin B 1
- In Vitro Pharmacodynamic Effects of Concentration, pH, and Growth Phase on Serum Bactericidal Activities of Daptomycin and Vancomycin