Eletrophoretic and spectrometric characterization of Cinchona extracts of use phytoterapic and cosmetic / Caracterização eletroforética e espectrométrica de extratos de Cinchona de uso fitoterápico e cosmético

AUTOR(ES)
DATA DE PUBLICAÇÃO

2010

RESUMO

Every year, malaria kills about one million people. According to OMS, 3.3 billion people, half of the world population, are exposed to the disease, mostly in underdeveloped countries. The pharmaceuticals used in the treatment of malaria include: chloroquine, primaquine, quinine, mefloquine, doxyclyne, clindamicina and artemisin. The increased resistance of the parasite Plasmodium falciparum to the synthetic pharmaceutical chloroquine reestablished quinine, an alkaloid found in the genus Cinchona, as antimalarial drug. Quinidine, the diasteroisomer of quinine, is used as antiarrhythmic drug in the treatment of arterial fibrillation. The diastereoisomers cinchonine and cinchonidine are not employed as pharmaceuticals although present similar effects to quinine and quinidine. The cardiac effects of quinidine hinders its use as antimalarial. Another alkaloid found in Cinchona is hydroquinidine, which similarly to quinidine also presents antiarrhythmic activity. Herbal extracts are the basis of phytotherapic production, however, with no standardization, the product lacks quality and the industry cannot guarantee its alleged efficacy, since there is no knowledge of the active principle concentration in the product put to sale. The ANVISA protocol (RDC 48/04 published on March16, 2004) established a specific legislation based on the “guarantee of quality”, which demands the reprodutibility of the produced phytotherapic, only achievable with standardized extracts. Following this tendency, the aim of this work was to develop methods of analysis for the main alkaloids of Cinchona using capillary electrophoresis, to apply in the characterization of herbal drugs, in the quality control of extracts as well as in the searching of possible adulterations. The determinations of five main alkaloids of Cinchona were carried out by capillary zone electrophoresis (CZE) using an electrolyte composed of 1.1% (v,v) TEA adjusted to pH 2.5 with phosphoric acid containing 20 mmol L-1 α-cyclodextrin, providing a less than 12 min total analysis time. The optimization of analytical conditions was conducted experimentally by a 32+1 factorial design where the studied variables were TEA and α-cyclodextrin concentrations. With the use of chiral selectors a confirmatory analytical method for alkaloids was also developed with the coupling of capillary electrophoresis and mass spectrometry employing a strategy called “partial filling”. With the purpose of verifying solvent effects on the separation of the alkaloids under investigation, studies of the separation mechanism as modulated by solvent in micelar medium (MEKC), and non aqueous medium (NACE) were conducted.

ASSUNTO(S)

cinchona alkaloids eletroforese capilar espectrometria de massas alcalóides cinchona capillary electrophoresis mass spectrometry

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