Efficiency of flamers in the weeds control / Eficiencia de flamejadores no controle de plantas daninhas

AUTOR(ES)
DATA DE PUBLICAÇÃO

2009

RESUMO

In agricultural production systems have been employed various techniques to achieve the goals focused on sustainability. Tactics or tools of management are adopted in order to provide greater productivity, lower impact on natural resources and better human development. The control of weeds in these systems has sued constant studies for improving performance where several practices are adopted, among them the control biological, chemical and physical. In the case of physical control may be considered in addition to the mechanical method, which use high temperatures, called flaming. The flaming aims to expose the weeds to heat, for a time, enough to evaporate the water present in the cells of plants. With so rupture the cells and movement of water is compromised, thereby shriveling it and causing his death. In the past the method has been widely used abroad, mainly in the U.S. and Europe, and currently its application resurfaces among the producers of those countries that do not use in any way or reduced the use of defensive, either by philosophy or by necessity. In Brazil the flame practically does not exist and are not records on its use or manufacturers of such equipment. This study aimed to evaluate the efficiency of the primary use of two different experimental flaming prototypes in controlling weeds. The study was conducted at the Center for Engineering and Automation Jundiaí IAC which an existing structure was adapted for testing with seeders to work with flaming. During the development of the research was conducted several tests in order to determinate the functional characterization of a direct flame burners and infrared. Later, two experimental flaming models were constructed, one direct and another one indirect (infrared), based on the results obtained at the characterization. We used four species of weeds considered of economic importance in determining the efficiency of the flaming. The tests led to numerous details about the operation of flaming in different conditions and test several procedures. It was also carried out an analysis of the influence of heat on the plant species on the basis of adopted treatments. Plants exposed to flame had a better control when the speed of displacement were lower (2 e 3 km h-1), while in higher speeds (4 e 5 km h -1) plants injuries were considered satisfactory enough for its control. The temperatures at which the plants were exposed (135 to 409 º C) in all treatments were above the recommended in the literature as lethal and harmful to the development of plants. The species of grass braquiária and grass coloniao showed more resistance to heat and the species corda-de-viola and pick black hardly showed resistance. According to the results, it conclude that the control of weeds with flaming is a technology applicable to Brazilian conditions, but other studies must be conducted to study the application of heat in the weeds at various stages and population density; studying resistance to heat from other species; studying other types of burners; carry out studies of dose-response; apply the flaming in real conditions (at field) to evaluate the effect on the population of weeds on the cultivated plants and on the ground

ASSUNTO(S)

weed control altas temperaturas infrared radiation radiação infravermelha high temperatures erva daninha - controle chama (combustão) flame

ACESSO AO ARTIGO

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