Efeitos do amendoim sobre o apetite e níveis de leptina, insulina e ghrelina e análise de polimorfismos para o promotor da leptina e seu receptor, em indivíduos eutróficos / Effects of peanut on appetite and levels of leptin, insulin and ghrelin and polymorphisms analysis for the leptin promoter and its receptor in normal weight individuals

AUTOR(ES)
DATA DE PUBLICAÇÃO

2007

RESUMO

Evaluate the effects of peanut on appetite when it was served as part of a meal or as a snack making a parallel with the concentration of hormones related to dietary intake on these two moments and also with these individuals genotype for the promoter region of leptin gene and for the regulatory region of the leptin receptor gene was the objectives of this study. Sixty participants were divided randomly in 3 treatment groups (GA: peanut, GM: mix and GAM: peanut + mix). Each participant completed 4 sessions (1 control meal, 1 control snack, 1 treatment meal and 1 treatment snack). Appetite, anthropometric indices, body composition, physical activity, dietary intake were monitored during the 4 sessions besides the accomplishment of leptin, ghrelin and insulin analysis and also leptin and leptin receptor gene polymorphism analyses in a subsample of 30 volunteers. The individuals felt hungrier after peanuts intake than the same isocaloric quantities of sandwich + banana + chocolate, the same happening for the GM that presented volume, caloric amount and macronutrients distribution similar to the GA. This result may be due to the smaller gastric volume associated to the consumption of peanuts or mix comparing to the control (sandwich + banana + chocolate). The control meal consumption leads to meal termination faster than mix, corroborating the hunger discoveries. In the meal of the peanuts and mix treatment, the volunteers felt a bigger desire for sweets than they did after the control meal (same caloric amounts). None of the study treatments results in statistical difference regarding the 3 appraised hormones. But the GM presented smaller values of ghrelin and higher values of leptin and insulin comparing with the other groups. Regarding polymorphism, for the regulatory region of the leptin receptor gene, no polymorphism was found, but for the promoter of the leptin gene in the position -2549, 50% of volunteers had one polymorphic allele and 13% had polymorphism in both alleles. These individuals presented smaller percentages of body fat mass, leptin and ghrelin plasma concentrations and also fullness rates. They also had higher hunger, desire to eat, and desire to eat something sweet and salted rates. We conclude that peanut did not affect appetite and showed no different hormonal response from other foods with similar volume, caloric content and macronutrients distribution. The volume exercised suppressor effect on hunger, decreasing the subsequent food desire, demonstrating to be important to normal weight individuals satiety. The polymorphic allele carriers for the leptin gene promoter in the position -2549 in both allele, presented larger probability to develop obesity, once they presented smaller plasma leptin concentrations, higher hunger rates, smaller fullness rates and larger desire to eat, mainly for sweets. Even so, the magnitude of this probability to develop obesity could not be measured in this study. Future studies would have to perform this task.

ASSUNTO(S)

polymorphisms ciencia de alimentos peanut leptina ghrelin polimorfismos insulin apetite amendoim appetite leptin insulina ghrelina

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