Efeito da concentração de acido, umidade e temperatura na hidrolise de amido de mandioca por extrusão termoplastica visando a produção de alcool

AUTOR(ES)
DATA DE PUBLICAÇÃO

1989

RESUMO

It is well know that the production of alcohol from cassava starch his not economically feasible without a subsidy. This is due to the fact that the process is highly energy consuming because of the wet gelatinization of the starch and the enzime consumption required for liquefaction and saccharification. Thermoplastic extrusion technology, however, permits dry gelatinization and the dextrinization of starch using a low energy consumption. Therefore, the objective of the present work was to study the effect of certain extrusion variables (moisture content of 14.3-26,7%, temperature of 93-227°C, and acid concentration of 0,006-0074 N) on the gelatinization characteristics of the cassava starch in order to define the extrusion conditions which would permit the highest alcohol yield with the minimum energy consumption. The other extrusion variables were held constant, i.e., screw speed (100rpm), screw compression ratio(3:1), die diameter (4mm), and feeding rate(65g/min). Surface Response Methodology(SRM) was used to evaluate the effect of processing variables on the physical and chemical properties of the extruded starch, i.e, paste viscosity at room temperature and at 95°C, water absorption index and water solubility index, reducing sugar content, degree of expansion, and hardness. Also, the alteration in starch granular structure was studied using x-ray diffraction, differential scanning calorimetry, scanning electron microscopy and determining the product molecular weight distribution by high-performance gel permeation chromatograph(HPLC). The mechanical energy consumed during the process was avaluated as a function of torque. The effect of acid concentration on starch characteristics was highly significant to changes in the extruded starch with the exception of the hot viscosity. Although the torque value was influenced inversely by both moisture content and temperature the effect of the former was greater. The alcohol yield of the extruded starch was influenced significantly(p=0.023) by the concentration of acid. When acid was used, the yield reached 98,7% (average 93,7%), while a failure to use it yielded only 93.4% (average 87.5%). The alcohol yield reached only 93.4% (average 87.5%). The alcohol of starch gelatinized by a conventional method was 92.4%, while that of raw starch was only 41.4%. To define the recommended extrusion conditions to permit the highest alcohol yield at a minimum cost, a graph was made superposing the areas of the RSM curves representing the minimum viscosity (reducing or eliminating the consumption of representing highest alcohol yield. Various alternatives of extrusion operational conditions were established. The recommended conditions were defined as cassava starch extruded at a moisture level of 24%, a temperature of 168-214°C and with an acid concentration of 0.062-0074 N.

ASSUNTO(S)

mandioca - industria alcool - combustivel - industria

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