DeterminaÃÃo de perdas de frutos nos mecanismos recolhedor e transportador de colhedoras de cafà / Determination of fruit losses at the collector and at the conveyor of the coffee harvesters

AUTOR(ES)

JÃlio CÃsar Silva de Souza

DATA DE PUBLICAÇÃO

2009

RESUMO

The use of the agricultural mechanization is one of the greatest farmers` tools to manage cultures efficiently and to reduce costs. The mechanized harvest is extremely dynamic because every moment new decisions need to be done and modifications in the process need to be accomplished. Therefore, one question to be evaluated is the self-propelling harvester fruit loss. This work aimed to evaluate and quantify harvester fruit loss index in field conditions, in different operational velocities, trying to identify the causes of these losses, evaluating different configuration of the collector and different velocities of the conveyor. In order to do this, it was used a collector with Jacto K3 original lamina and a prototype lamina developed by Jacto. The experiment was developed in Ipanema Coffees Farm located at Alfenas, south of Minas Gerais state. The analyses were made at the harvest time at 2008 and at 2009 in coffee field planted with Acaià and Icatà cultivar. It was used the completely randomized design with 3 replications, at the same site, in random parcels with approximately 16 plants. The determination of the losses consists on a factorial (4 x 3 x 2) where 4 is the number of operational speed, 3 is the number of collector lamina configuration, and 2 is the number of cultivars, and one factorial (4 x 4) where 4 is the operational velocities and 4 is the conveyor velocities. Though the obtained results, it was observed that the harvest operational velocity influenced significantly in the fruit loss by the harvester where the greatest losses occurred in the highest velocities. The average general harvest loss was 13,47%, with 5,26% at the conveyor and 8,21% at the collector mechanism. The loss of the collector with 25 pars of original lamina, using a strong spring, was significantly minor. The 3.420 m/h conveyor velocity presented the minor loss among the other evaluated velocities.

ASSUNTO(S)

cafà mechanized harvest coffee harvest loss perdas de colheita engenharia agricola colheita mecanizada

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