Desenvolvimento do processo combinado de desidratação osmotica-fritura para obtenção de chips de manga. / Development of the agreed process of osmotic dehydration - fryinf for attainment of sleeve Chips.

AUTOR(ES)
DATA DE PUBLICAÇÃO

2005

RESUMO

The development of new products using national raw materials is of considerable importance to the national economy, adding value to the product and decreasing surplus production, resulting in increasingly smaller losses. Throughout the World, the mango stands out amongst the tropical fruits, being a cheap raw material, produced in abundance in this country, although currently, production losses reach 30%. In this context and considering the current demand for convenience foods, the Department of Food Technology/UNICAMP/Brazil in partnership with CIRAD (Centre de Coopération International em Recherche Agronomique pour le Développment), Montpellier/France, implanted a new research line aimed at expanding the application of frying to fruits, for the production of chips and this thesis is part of this research line. The studies were directed at optimising the process parameters, defining the type of pre-treatment (osmotic dehydration), raw material variety and maturation and characterising the final products with respect to their chemical, physical, microscopic and sensory aspects. Firstly some of the frying conditions were studied and established, such as: fruit:oil (w/w) ratio of 1:4; re-use of the frying oil up to 15 times without alterations of the oil or the product; 3mm thickness of the mango slices without peeling and osmotic dehydration at atmospheric pressure with agitation. The osmotic dehydration pre-treatment was then studied using Response Surface Methodology (RSM). Immersion in consecutive baths of increasingly concentrated osmotic solution (35, 45 and 65°Brix; 35 and 65°Brix) was also studied, aimed at increasing the final solids content of the osmotically dehydrated product. However, the results showed that this procedure did not result in an improvement in chip quality (sensory acceptance). Having determined the conditions for osmotic dehydration (80 minutes and 40°C), the frying process was studied using RSM, analysing the moisture and lipid contents, colour parameters (L*, a*, b*) and sensory acceptance (appearance, colour, aroma, flavour, texture and intent to buy). The responses of moisture content, colour and taste acceptance were chosen to define the optimal ranges of time (140-180s) and temperature (155-165°C). Having established the conditions for the combined osmotic dehydration - deep fat frying method, mango chips made from the cultivars Tommy Atkins and Palmer were compared, and also the states of maturity (mature green, half ripe and ripe). The analyses showed that for both cultivars, the mature green and the half ripe states of maturity gave the best quality chips. The chip micrographs presented a shrunk cellular matrix, plasmolyzed cells, results of the rapidly evaporated surface water by the high temperature process and oil globules adhered at the surface tissue or at the porous created by the water vaporisation. The sorption isotherms of Tommy Atkins and Palmer mango chips had type III characteristics, and the adsorption phenomenon starts at water activity above 0.4, showing good product stability. The last part of the study was conducted at CIRAD, France, and consisted of the application of reduced pressure during the frying process of a model fruit (Granny Smith apples), and the effects observed on chip colour development. The results showed the great advantage of applying vacuum, obtaining chips with lower moisture content and almost no darkening as compared to the raw material. The application of the combined osmotic dehydration - frying method (at atmospheric pressure) to obtain mango chips was shown to be practical, not requiring sophisticated equipment, economic (use of cheap, abundant raw materials, such as mango and sucrose), resulting in a product with good quality characteristics, low moisture (2 - 5%) and lipid (11 ? 13%) contents and good sensory acceptance (6-7), showing itself to be an optimum technological application to develop a new product and add value to the raw material.

ASSUNTO(S)

atmospheric pressure pressão atmosferica desidratação osmotica response surface vacuo deep fat frying osmotic dehydration vacuum superficie de resposta - metodologia fritura

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