Desenvolvimento de metodologia de medida vetorial das forças em tempo real de microorganismos utilizando ponças opticas para estudos de quimiotaxia e osmotaxia de parasita / Development of methodology vectorial measurements of forces in real time of microorganisms using optical tweezers for chemotaxis and osmotaxis studies of parasites

AUTOR(ES)
DATA DE PUBLICAÇÃO

2007

RESUMO

Unicellular microorganisms, like others live beings, need to interact with environment to find nourishment. They have only hydrodynamics sensors and biochemical receptors on membrane to accomplish this task. The response of the microorganism to concentration gradients of attractive or repulsive chemical substances is called chemotaxis. The investigation of chemotaxis is essential to understand infection processes and how parasites recognizes and directs itself to the cells to be infected. This way a quantitative study of parasites chemotaxis requires the observation of not only its movements, but also the strength, direction and sense of forces exerted in the presence of concentration gradient of attractive or repellent chemical substances. Microorganism?s forces with dimensions of around 10µm are the order of pico-Newton. Optical tweezers are a suitable tool for this kind of investigation, we can justify this affirmation by the following reasons: (1) it has high sensibility to measure forces from 20 femto-Newton until 200 pico-Newton. These forces are in same order of the forces exerted by the parasites. (2) This technique does not need contact, therefore it is a remote technique; and (3) this tool does not destroy the parasites, because lasers on infrared band do not generate enough heat to cause thermal damage on them. In this work we used the displacements of a microsphere trapped in an Optical Tweezers as the force transducer to measure the direction and the strength of the propulsion forces of flagellum of the microorganism under several gradient conditions. A quadrant detector was utilized to sense the displacement of optical tweeter?s laser in two dimensions. So we monitor the force exerted by the parasites in real time in several concentrations gradients of different substances. We also developed a system enable to create concentration gradient. This system guaranteed a stationary one-dimensional gradient, which the parasites were arrested and the vectorial measurements of force in time function were realized. In this study, we used the protozoa Leishmania amazonensis in its promastigote form. It is responsible by the disease called leishmaniose and it represents a serious problem of public health. We demonstrated that our system is able to perform chemotaxis measurements in gradients of glucose. Our results suggest that the direction and strength of force can be used to identify the movement of the parasite. We also notice differences in strength forces for both direction x and y for different glucose in several concentrations. Using that system we can investigate quantitatively taxias of any parasites in any concentration gradient with different chemical substance, temperature or other variables

ASSUNTO(S)

optical tweezers leishmania amazonensis quimiotaxia leishmaniose pinças oticas leishmaniose parasites parasitas chemotaxis leishmania amazonensis

ACESSO AO ARTIGO

Documentos Relacionados