Crescimento e desenvolvimento do cafeeiro sob efeito da adubação nitrogenada / Growth and development of the coffee plant related to nitrogen fertilization

AUTOR(ES)
DATA DE PUBLICAÇÃO

2006

RESUMO

Nitrogen fertilization for coffee plants (Coffea arabica) is mainly of importance for crops at the beginning of development and production. The effect of the fertilization is sufficiently sharp when rates of the fertilizer are chosen to maximize the productivity of the crop coffe. With the purpose of characterizing the growth and development of coffee plants under the effect of nitrogen fertilization, a field experiment was carried out in Piracicaba, State of São Paulo, Brazil (Latitude: 23o43 33" South; Longitude: 47o38 00" West; Altitude: 576 meters). The research project was conducted during two consecutive coffee growing seasons (from 1 September 2003 to 1 September 2004 and from 1 September 2004 to 1 July 2005), to characterize the variation of the accumulation of dry matter and rates of plant growth, besides verifying the effect of the nitrogen fertilization. The dynamic of nitrogen was studied in plants (cultivar Catuaí Vermelho IAC 44 ), transplanted in May 2001, using nitrogen fertilizer. The spacing between rows ant plants is 1.75m and 0.75m, respectively. The established statistical design was completely randomic, with three levels of nitrogen (treatments) and five replications. In periodic and regular intervals of about 60 days, plants were collected cutting the shoot at soil surface. In function of the gotten results, it can be concluded that: (i) the increase of the production of total dry matter is conditional to an increment of the production of leaf dry matter of the coffee tree; (ii) the nitrogen fertilization propitiates, in the phenological year of low yield, bigger leaf production and retention to those plants that had received greater amount of nitrogen, thus resulting, in bigger emission, flowering and productivity in the next year; (iii) the plants that had received minor amount of nitrogen, in the first phenological year of low yield, they presented higher production of total dry matter in the phenological year, what it increases the production of active vegetative branches; and (iv) for coffee crop in formation, the characterization of the variation of the accumulation of dry matter must contemplate different models for the phenological years of high and low yield.

ASSUNTO(S)

coffee plant development crescimento vegetal nitrogen fertilizer plant growth café fertilizante nitrogenado desenvolvimento vegetal

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