Combined use of ionophore and virginiamycin in confined Nellore steers fed high concentrate diets / Uso combinado de ionóforo e virginiamicina em novilhos Nelore confinados com dietas de alto concentrado

AUTOR(ES)
DATA DE PUBLICAÇÃO

2008

RESUMO

Zebu cattle fed high concentrate diets may present metabolic disorders, such as ruminal acidosis and liver abscesses. Also these animals display inconsistent performances in high starch diets. The use of feed additives such as ionophores and virginiamycin has been thoroughly investigated and the results are very consistent, with improvements in performance, changing ruminal fermentation and reducing the incidence of metabolic disorders. Virginiamycin has also consistent positive effects on performance in swine and poultry animals. Recent studies have suggested that virginiamycin and ionophore may have an additive effect. Thus, the objective of this research was to evaluate the effects of virginiamycin and ionophore in combination on performance, carcass traits, fecal starch, fecal pH and liver abscess incidence in Nellore cattle fed high concentrate diets. 72 castrated Nellore steers, with initial body weight of 278.9 kg, were fed in individual pens for 61 days after a 15 day adaptation period. Diets had two concentrate levels (73 and 91%) and two virginiamycin levels (0 and 15 mg/kg DM) in a 2x2 factorial. All diets had the ionophore salinomycin (13 mg/kg DM). Dry matter intake was higher (P<0.01) for the 91% concentrate treatment, in kg/day (8.96 vs. 7.79) and as percentage of body weight (2.07 vs. 1.83), as well as metabolizable energy intake (26.2 vs. 19.9 Mcal/day; P<0.01). Body weight gain (1.79 vs. 1.43 kg/day; P<0.01) was also higher. There was a trend for increased feed efficiency in the 91% concentrate treatment (202.7 vs. 185.9 g/kg; P=0.08), while no differences were observed for efficiency of metabolizable energy utilization (P=0.29) or dietary net energy content for maintenance (P=0.38) and gain (P=0.38). Dry matter intake was lower for the virginiamycin treatment, in kg/day (7.98 vs. 8.76; P<0.01) and as percentage of body weight (1.88 vs. 2.01; P=0.01), as well as metabolizable energy intake (22.0 vs. 24.1 Mcal/day; P <0.01). However, daily gain did not differ between treatments (P=0.66). Virginiamycin fed animals showed increased feed efficiency (206.0 vs. 182.6 g/kg; P=0.02), efficiency of metabolizable energy utilization (75.05 vs. 67.47 g/Mcal; P<0.05), and dietary net energy content for maintenance (2.25 vs. 2.08 Mcal/kg DM; P=0.01) and gain (1.56 vs. 1.41 Mcal/kg DM; P=0.01). Animals fed 91% concentrate diet had higher dressing percentages (55.25 vs. 54.42%; P=0.02) and heavier kidney and pelvic fat (8.06 vs. 7.15 kg; P=0.04). Virginiamycin levels did not affect carcass traits. Liver abscesses were not observed in these 3 year old animals. Fecal starch content was higher (P<0.01) for the 91% concentrate treatment (19.27 vs. 13.95%), but did not change (P=0.40) due to virginiamycin. These results suggest that the combined use of ionophore and virginiamycin is an efficient tool in high concentrate and high starch diets for Nellore cattle.

ASSUNTO(S)

fecal starch metabolic disorders bovinos de corte carcass performance beef cattle carcaça gado nelore. zebu. antibiotic antibióticos aditivos alimentares para animal confinamento animal salinomycin feedlot dieta animal

ACESSO AO ARTIGO

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