Caracterização e dosimetria de feixes de raios-x de 100 e 140kVp usados em radioterapia

AUTOR(ES)

Hugo Leonardo Lemos Silva

DATA DE PUBLICAÇÃO

2006

RESUMO

Radiotherapy is the modality used in the treatment of malignant neoplasias that aims the deposition of a controlled amount of ionizing radiation in a limited area of the patient body. In order to provide a well-known and as accurate as possible absorbed dose for controlling a lesion, all characteristics of the treatment radiation beam must be known. For this purpose, protocols were developed and used for calibrating those beams; they are a set of rules and procedures that are to be followed appropriately to achieve the knowledge of the clinical and dosimetric aspects of the radiation beam. This work carries out the measurement and analysis of parameters aiming the characterization and dosimetry of a 100 and a 140 kVp superficial x-ray beams to be used for radiotherapy; the AAPM protocol for 40-300 kV x-ray beam dosimetry in radiotherapy and radiobiology was used for such purpose. Characterization parameters as half-value layer, homogeneity coefficients, spectral beam distribution, maximum and minimum radiation energy, time stabilization and dosimetric parameters as backscatter factor, calibration factor, linearity of the absorbed dose in air, free-in air, air to water ratios of the mass energy-absorption coefficients, besides ionization chamber corrections factors were determined and analyzed. The analysis of the uncertainty components concerned to the beam characterization and dosimetry was done and it allowed to identify which one is more significant and it needs to be improved to reduce the expanded uncertainty in the absorbed dose rate on the water surface. By adopting the free-in-airmethodology, a calibration guideis offered to physicists and doctors who intend to apply therapeutic soft x-ray beams from 40 to 300 kVp in hospitals.

ASSUNTO(S)

fisica doses de radiação técnicas de diagnóstico calibration x-ray dosimetry radioterapia dosimetria de raio-x radiotherapy diagnostic techniques dosimetria calibração dosimetry radiation doses

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