Cana-de-açúcar ensilada com óxido de cálcio, capim-elefante ou inoculante bacteriano / Sugar cane ensiled with calcium oxide, elephant-grass or bacterial inoculant

AUTOR(ES)
DATA DE PUBLICAÇÃO

2006

RESUMO

The present work was developed based on two experiments. In the first, the the calcium oxide addition effects (0, 0.5, 1.0, 1.5 and 2.0% in the natural matter basis) on the chemical composition and losses in sugar cane silagens, being used laboratory silos, were evaluated. A completely randomized design, with five treatments (whitewash levels) and three repetitions, was used. The whitewash levels in the silages influenced all variables, except the lignin content, acid detergent insoluble protein (ADIP) and the water-soluble carbohydrates (SC). The dry matter (DM) content and the pH increased linearly with the whitewash levels addition. Now, the organic matter contents, hemicelulose (HEM) and crude protein (CP) decreased lineally with the whitewash levels. The neutral detergent fiber (NDF), NDF corrected to ashes and protein (NDFcp) and acid detergent fiber (ADF) were adjusted to quadratic models being minimum values of 38.6, 33.3 and 22.5% considered for the whitewash levels of 1.73, 1.73 and 1.49%, respectively. The in vitro dry matter digestibility (IVDMD) and the ammonia nitrogen concentration in relation to the total nitrogen (N-NH3) were adjusted to quadratic models, being the maximum values of 80.1 and 9.8% for the whitewash levels of 1.8 and 0.77% considered, respectively. Minimum production gas of 3.18% was estimated to the whitewash level of 1.39%. The effluent production and the dry matter recovery (DMR) of the mass ensiled decreased and increased linearly with the whitewash addition, respectively. A higher population of acid lactic bacteria (ALB) was observed in the silage treated with whitewash of 1.5%, as well as a smaller molds and yeasts population. The whitewash addition provided degradability values of the soluble fraction of the DM above 50%, besides smaller values for the NDF non-degradable fraction. The addition of 1.5% of whitewash to the cane for occasion of the ensilage results in a larger recovery of the dry matter as well as in a larger ALB population and smaller yeasts amount, suggesting good fermentation. In the second experiment, the elephant grass addition levels effects (0, 25, 50, 75 and 100% in the natural matter basis) on chemical composition were evaluated, and losses were studied in sugar cane silages treated with bacterial inoculant. A 2 x 5 (two inoculants x five grass levels) factorial arrangement was used in a completely randomized design with three replicates. Elephant grass and inoculant effects were observed to PIDA and interaction among these effects was observed to PB and pH. The other variables were just influenced by the elephant grass levels. The DM, NDF, NDFcp, ADF, HEM and lignin contents in the silages increased linearly with the elephant grass addition. However, the CS and IVDMD contents decreased linearly with the elephant grass increment in the silages. No regression equation was adjusted to the insoluble protein contents in neutral detergent and N-NH3, estimating a medium value of 36.3% and 7.0% in the DM, respectively. The PB content in the inoculated and not inoculated silages were adjusted to lineal models, however inversely related, estimating increases and decreases values to these silages, respectively. The inoculant was efficient to increase the PB content in the sugar cane silages. The smaller pH was verified in the silages with higher grass levels and treated with microbial inoculant. The content of pH to the inoculated and not inoculated silages was adjusted to quadratic and lineal models, respectively. The contents of latic, propionic and butyric acids were not influenced by the elephant grass levels while acetic acid content in the not inoculated silages and ethanol content decreased linearly with the elephant grass increment in the silages. The DM losses by gases and effluents decreased linearly with the increment of elephant grass levels, contributing to a higher DMR in the silages. The elephant grass doesn t serve as an addictive for the sugar-cane silage, however, the addition of 75% of the elephant grass to the sugar cane promoted higher nutritional value and higher recovery of the mass DM due to the lower effluents and gases productions.

ASSUNTO(S)

cana-de-açúcar silage pastagem e forragicultura silagem effluents composição química sugar cane chemical composition efluente

ACESSO AO ARTIGO

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