Bone quantity and quality assessed by ultrasound of phalanges in black and white children s six to eleven years old / Quantidade e qualidade ossea avaliada pela ultrassonografia de falanges em crianças brancas e negras de seis a onze anos de idade de diferentes

AUTOR(ES)
DATA DE PUBLICAÇÃO

2009

RESUMO

Thesis Structuring: The present study opted for the "Scandinavian Model" which is called the "Alternative Model" in the Post-Graduation Program in Child and Adolescent Health from the Medical Sciences College of University of Campinas (UNICAMP). Therefore, the thesis was compounded by introduction, objective, chapters (I and II) and general conclusion. The introduction presented the main studies on bone mass and the evaluation technique of this tissue by the use of phalanx ultrasound. The articles that were written according to the specific norms of each journal to which they were submitted to are found on chapters I and II. On the general conclusion the main conclusions of both articles were presented. The bibliographical references were presented at the end of each chapter and of the thesis. Further, the main information about the structuring of both chapters of the thesis was presented. Objective: to evaluate the bone quantity and quality, by phalanxes ultrasound, in healthy, black and white, schoolchildren, in relation to the socioeconomic level and body composition, and still, to compare the bone quantity to European references. Materials and Methods: 1,356 healthy schoolchildren from different socioeconomic level participated on this study, divided into black and white with ages from six to eleven years old, from both genders. The weight and height were evaluated by anthropometric methods as well as the percentage of fat, fat mass, lean mass and body mass index, which was transformed in score z for the age, were calculated. To define the normality deviations it was adopted, as cut points, values below -2 and above +2 from the values of the score z. For the procedure of collecting the individual data of the bone quantity parameter (AD-SoS = Amplitude Dependent of Speed Sound) and bone quality (UBPI = Ultrasound Bone Profile Index) it was used the ultrasound on the phalanxes with the 3rd generation DBM Sonic® BP, IGEA device. The average values of AD-SoS from this study were compared to five European references that presented normative values for children as well as for adolescents. The descriptive analysis of the data was realized, and for the age, genders and skin colors comparison with the variables AD-SoS and UBPI, the variance analysis was used (ANOVA - two way) followed by the test of multiple comparisons of Tukey (p<0,05). The Mann-Whitney, qui-squared, correlation coefficient and multiple linear regression analysis with 5% significance were also applied. For the comparison of AD-SoS of the schoolchildren, from both genders and skin colors in relation to the references, the t Student, that compares two averages, being one of them the reference, was chosen. Results: the black schoolchildren predominated on the low socio-economic levels. The black boys presented higher values for weight and height, while the black girls for lean mass, in relation to white schoolchildren from the same age and gender. It was observed a crescent variation from six to eleven years of age for both genders and color of skin in the averages of AD-SoS. The white schoolchildren presented higher values of AD-SoS and UBPI in relation to the black ones. The anthropometric variables, gender and socio-economic level explained only 17 and 11% of the variability of AD-SoS and UBPI, respectively. Comparing the AD-SoS from this study to the five European references, it was observed for both genders and colors of skin lower values than to the Polish study and similar to the other studies for the girls, while the boys presented similar values to the Italian studies and lower than the Spanish ones. This way, the present study, presented higher bone mass, evaluated by phalanxes ultrasound, in white schoolchildren than in black ones. The bone quantity of the schoolchildren from this study rose from the six to the eleven years of age for both genders and colors of skin. The bone quantity found in Brazilian children from both genders and colors of skin was lower in relation to the Polish, similar to the Italians; and in relation to the Spanish study, the genders didn t present uniformities, being the girls similar and the boys with lower values.

ASSUNTO(S)

schoolchildren ultrasonography densidade ossea ultra-sonografia ethnology alunos falanges dos dedos da mão finger phalanges bone density etnologia

ACESSO AO ARTIGO

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