Bacterial susceptibility pattern assessment of azithromycin in different sites of infection in pet animals / Avaliação do perfil de atividade da azitromicina frente a isolados bacterianos provenientes de processos infecciosos em animais de companhia.

AUTOR(ES)
DATA DE PUBLICAÇÃO

2007

RESUMO

Antimicrobial resistance is a complex question that concerns a variety of bacterial species and resistance mechanisms, which in part can be transmitted from pet animals to the owners by theirs strict contact. The prescription of antimicrobial agents in the veterinary practices, without previous identification of the etiologic agent and its antimicrobial susceptibility pattern associated with the large use of antimicrobials applied in human medicine represent a potential source for the spread of resistant strains in animal reservoir. Azithromycin widely used in human medicine, presents bacteriostatic activity against several infectious agents, and recently it was released in Brazilian veterinary practices as an alternative for the treatment of urinary, respiratory, oral and skin infections. This work evaluated the activity pattern of azithromycin to different bacterial infections from pet animals, by the identification of the etiologic agent and its antimicrobial susceptibility pattern, and also determinate MIC values and evaluate cross-resistance to oxacilin and azithromycin in Staphylococcus spp., as a proposal to construct the real frame of azithromycin resistance in our region so as its use represent a reliable alternative in veterinary medicine. The samples were collected from different sites of infection in dogs and cats, like otitis externa, pyoderma, infections from the urinary, reproductive and respiratory tract, oral and conjuntival mucosas. The most prevalent bacterial agents were coagulase-positive Staphylococcus spp., followed by Entorabacteiaceae, coagulase-negative Staphylococcus spp., and Pseudomonas spp.. The isolates were most sensible to ampicilin+sulbactam, gentamicin, fluoroquinolones and some cephalosporins. The bacterial isolates showed an expressive azithromycin resistance, with exception of the isolates from urinary tract infection. Different tests were used to access the activity pattern of azithromycin, such as Disc Diffusion and Broth Microdiluition that detected 48,6% and 55% of resistants Staphylococcus spp., and 55,3% e 72,7% of resistants Gram-negative rods. Staphylococcus aureus MIC50 were 4,0 μg/mL, S. intermedius 1,0 μg/mL, coagulasenegative Staphylococcus ≥512 μg/mL and Gram-negative rods were 256 μg/mL. In nine (15%) isolates of oxacilin-resistant and mecA-positive Staphylococcus spp. were also possible detect azithromycin resistance. For this reasons, the laboratories investigations are necessary for the identification of the etiologic agents of bacterial infections and to determine its susceptibility to antimicrobials, for the best choice of treatment, and to impair the emergence of resistant bacteria that can be transmitted between animals and human, like what happens in oxacilin-resistant Staphylococcus spp.. The emergence of azithromycin resistance leads to the necessity of reliable data on the concern of the activity pattern of this antimicrobial and its contribution for the veterinary medicine practices without producing impact in development and spread of resistant strains.

ASSUNTO(S)

azitromicina pet animals medicina veterinaria animais de companhia resistência bacteriana azithromycin antimicrobial resistance

ACESSO AO ARTIGO

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