Avaliação histomorfométrica comparativa do processo de reparo de defeitos ósseos perenes em calvária de ratos tratados com -fosfato tricálcio, hidroxiapatita sintética, hidroxiapatita sintética + -fosfato tricálcio e osso autógeno / Histomorphometric comparative evaluation of the repair of perennial bone defects in rats skulls treated with -tricalcium phosphate, synthetic hydroxyapatite, synthetic hydroxyapatite + -tricalcium phosphate and autogenous graft

AUTOR(ES)
DATA DE PUBLICAÇÃO

2010

RESUMO

The aim of the work was to characterize the ceramics: hydroxyapatite (HA), -tricalcium phosphate (TCP) and the composite HA/TCP (60:40) through scaning electron microscope - energy dispersive system (SEM-EDS) analysis and to compare histomorphometrically the repair of perennial skull defects treated with these three different ceramics and autogenous graft at 0, 30, 90 and 180 days post-operatively. Microstructurally, HA showed irregular surface with concavities, cracks and several pores. TCP also presented irregular surface and low mechanical strength. HA/TCP showed smooth surface with rare concavities and pores. The ceramics were constituted by the elements O, P and Ca, and the relation Ca/P follow the order: HA/TCP >HA >TCP. Morphometrically, the initial graft volume was approximately 60 mm3 for all treatments. Between 30 and 180 days, the total volume of the grafted area (Vtga) and of the implanted material (Vim) were constant in the following groups: autogenous (Vtga = 53,61 mm³; Vim = 20,11 mm3), HA (Vtga = 60,13mm³; Vim = 32,72 mm3), HA/TCP (Vtga = 57,60mm³; Vim = 31,61 mm3) and TCP (Vtga = 38,27mm³; Vim = 10,07 mm3). At 30 days, the bone tissue volume was of 22,06 mm3 in the autogenous group, occupying totally the space among the particles, while in the HA and HA/TCP groups was only 7,62 mm3. At 30 and 180 days, the bone tissue volume did not show statistical differences (p>0.05). The total number of osteoblasts and osteocytes in the autogenous group was respectively, 118, 57 x 102 and 178,57 x 102 cells, at 30 days, reducing 40,16% e 29,09%, at 90 days, due to bone remodeling. In the HA and HA/TCP groups, a similar and stable number of osteoblasts and osteocytes were observed during all periods, with mean of 39,13 x 102 and 132,20 x 102 cells, respectively. In the TCP group, the bony tissue volume was of 4,16 mm3, at 30 days, increasing 70,27% at 90 days. Concomitantly, the total number of osteoblasts and osteocytes was respectively, 5,64 x 102 and 37,01 x 102 cells, at 30 days, achieving 67,46 x 102 and 166,13 x 102 cells, at 90 days. Based in the results obtained here, we concluded that in the rat skull defect model the autogenous bone is yet the good standard graft material for bone reconstruction and that among the tested ceramics, the TCP is the best bone graft substitute.

ASSUNTO(S)

crânio biocompatible materials materiais biocompatíveis skull osso bone

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