Avaliação fonoaudiológica da deglutição na doença de Alzheimer em fases avançadas / Phonoaudiological swallowing evaluation in advanced phases of Alzheimer disease

AUTOR(ES)
DATA DE PUBLICAÇÃO

2010

RESUMO

Introduction: Swallowing results from a complex sensory-motor mechanism regulated by central nervous system. Given the voluntary component, in anticipatory and oral phases, it can suffer functional and cognitive influences associated to those determined by systemic diseases that limit self-regulation, perception and control of risk factors and development of compensating strategies. In moderate and severe phases of Alzheimer disease (AD), with cognitive, functional daily-living and behavioral aspects compromised feeding and swallowing problems create greater difficulties for the caregiver. Objectives: to translate and adapt the scales of Assessment of Feeding and Swallowing Difficulties in Dementia (AFSDD) e Functional Outcome Questionnaire for Aphasia (FOQ-A). To verify the correlation between cognitive and functional aspects of feeding and swallowing. To verify predictive factors of swallowing functionality in patients with moderate and severe AD. Method: In this randomised and transversal study 50 elderly diagnosed with moderate and severe AD, according to Clinical Dementia Rating (CDR), of both genders, varied ages and schooling and 50 caregivers were included. The Mini-Mental Estate Examination (MMSE) was applied to evaluate cognitive conditions of the patients. The Activities of Daily Living (ADL) Index and the Functional Outcome Questionnaire for Aphasia (FOQ-A), were applied to the caregiver for patient functional evaluation. Swallowing functionality was graded by the Swallowing Rating Scale American Speech-Language-Hearing Association ASHA. The evaluation of feeding and swallowing difficulties was done by the Assessment of feeding and swallowing difficulties in dementia (AFSDD). Results: Analysis of AFSDD verified good internal consistency in most of the domains, while the FOQ-A presented excellent internal consistency in all domains (AC>0.9). There was a correlation between most of AFSDD and FOQ-A with MMSE and ADL. The domain of Feeding situation and skills in AFSDD was the most representative in linear regression, considering the MMSE, ADL and ASHA (r>0.6). Considering the FOQ-A the domain of Making routine requests was the most representative with the MMSE and ADL (r>0.8). In moderate phase of AD, Mental estate and behavior and Issues related to food, drink, and swallowing (AFSDD) were the domains that had significant correlation with ASHA (r>0,5). In severe phase, the Feeding situation and skills (AFSDD) showed correlation with all domains of FOQ-A (r>0,6), and with ADL (r=0,601) e ASHA (r=0,592). In severe phase was observed that all domains of FOQ-A had correlation with MMSE, ADL and ASHA (r>0,6). The domains with greater representation in the cognitive and functional aspects were Feeding situation and skills (AFSDD) and Making Routing Requests (FOQ-A). Conclusion: Given the inexorable functional alterations of the disease, observing the feeding and swallowing compromises of the patients is indispensable. This study discloses instruments to evaluate and orient caregivers and other professionals regarding feeding and swallowing in patients in advanced phases of AD.

ASSUNTO(S)

doença de alzheimer estudos de avaliação fonoaudiologia caregivers cognition transtornos de deglutição alzheimer disease idoso speech language and hearing sciences deglutition disorders ingestão de alimentos evaluation studies aged international classification of functioning disability and health cuidadores classificação internacional de funcionalidade incapacidade e saúde cognição eating

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