Avaliação dos constituintes e do potencial mutagênico do material particulado oriundo do beneficiamento artesanal da castanha do caju / Assessment of the components and mutagenic potential of particulate matter from artisanal cashew nut roasting

AUTOR(ES)
DATA DE PUBLICAÇÃO

2010

RESUMO

x Despite the social and economic importance of the processing of cashew nuts to Rio Grande do Norte, the production is still carried out artisanally. To collect the almond nut is necessary to roasting. The smoke generated during the burning of the nut has high concentrations of particulate matter (PM) and the PM produced is inhaled daily by families for a period which can exceed 10 hours a day. In general, air pollutants come from burning biomass are potentially harmful to health, relating to genotoxicity events, increase in the number of hospitalizations and outpatient, and mortality from cardiovascular and respiratory diseases. This project had three main objectives: 1 Make measurements in the concentration of O3, NO2, MP, Black Carbon (BC) and elemental composition of the PM 2.5 from the combustion of the cashew nut. 2 Identify the mutagenic potential associated with artisanally processing of cashew nut during the dry season, wet and intermediate in RN (Brazil) by using a micronucleus (MN) bioassay of T. pallida tetrads. 3 To investigate the effect of mutagenic activity in exfoliated cells of oral mucosa of workers involved in processing. For this, three test sites were chosen for this purpose: Site 1. the Amarelão community - where the roasting occurs, Site 2. the Santa Luzia farm - an area near the roasting site, though without direct influence on the process and Site 3. the Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte (UFRN) - an urban area of Natal, Brazil. The results obtained for the O3 and NO2 do not exceed the limits established by Brazilian legislation. However, the results of the measurement of PM obtained with the portable meter "DUSTTRAK (TM) Aerosol Monitor" has indicated that between 8 PM measurements made at Site 1, 7 exceeded the level of exposure defined as "emergency rule" described in the Brazilian legislation (500 ? g/m 3 ), differing significantly from the results obtained in Sites 2 and 3 (6 ? g/m 3 ). Evaluations in January, May and September 2009, with the Mini-sampler confirmed the results previously obtained with the "DUSTTRAK (TM)Aerosol Monitor.The average value of 2.5 MP (Jan - 548.412 mg/m 3 ; May - 1022.232 mg/m 3 ; Set - 1291.946 mg/m 3 ) and BC (Jan - 46.798 mg/m 3 ; May 70.068 - mg/m 3 ; Set - 69.432 mg/m 3 ) obtained in the three campaigns for Site 1 were significantly higher than the Site 2 and 3. To the Site 1 the elements Si, S, Cl, K, Ni, Cu and Zn when present were at concentrations higher than the Sites 2 and 3. Genotoxicity tests with T. pallida showed a significant increase in the number of MN in all campaigns. The results with cells of human oral mucosa have confirmed the biomonitoring, and found significant increase in the frequency of MN. The results marked one of the worst levels of human exposure to PM has been reported in the literature and greatly exceeded the limits of the Brazilian legislation as well as the WHO. The results showed a serious occupational problem, requiring immediate intervention of public officials in an attempt to minimize the harmful effects of the activity.

ASSUNTO(S)

genotoxicidade exfoliated buccal cells and particulate matter (pm) biomassa mucosa bucal tradescantia anacardium occidentale cashew nut tradescantia biomass burning micronúcleo germinativo micronuclei genotoxicity material particulado

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