Avaliação do Potencial de Conservação de Energia Associado à Produção e Uso de Fertilizantes Nitrogenados / Evaluation of Energy Conservation Potential Associated with the Production and Use of Nitrogen Fertilizer

AUTOR(ES)
FONTE

IBICT - Instituto Brasileiro de Informação em Ciência e Tecnologia

DATA DE PUBLICAÇÃO

13/11/1998

RESUMO

This work analyzes rational production and utilization of mineral nitrogen fertilizer (MNF). Describes MNF market characteristics and ammonium industrial process. A description of the Brazilian ammonium units state of the art is presented alongside with indication of energy conservation options. A comparative economic analysis among the energy conservation options is performed. This analysis shows the economic feasibility of improving the process energy efficiency of Camaçari, BA and Laranjeiras, SE ammonium plants, while to Piaçaguera, SP ammonium plant modifications are not feasible under current. Brazilian nitrogen consumption data are presented farming rational nitrogen utilization opportunities are described. DEFENDUS scenarios construction methodology is used to estimate the nitrogen and energy demand derived from the MNF requirement for com in Brazil. Costs to meet this demand through supply and conservation available alternatives are calculated. Scenarios are constructed to evaluate two nitrogen conservation options: the farming process of incorporating the MNF into the soil and the totally or partial substitution of green manure for MNF. Consequences of incrementing proportion of land with corn that utilizes MNF are also evaluated. It is concluded that nitrogen demand for corn must increase to attain best production results and that, even switching the nitrogen source and adopting efficient farming fertilizer application techniques, it will be necessary to import MNF or increase the domestic production capacity to meet the future demand. Although the efficient application of MNF results only in a modest reduction of MNF demand, it is an economically attainable alternative that can be disseminated among the farmers. Green Manure has the potential of avoiding MNF consumption, but still is a more expensive option than the MNF when its benefits to the agricultural system are not considered. Yielding the green manure seeds at the farm is one choice to reduce its costs. Finally, the work analyzes the environmental effects related to MNF production and use and some suggestions on implementing the MNF saving opportunities are discussed together with the indication of future work.

ASSUNTO(S)

electrical engineering electricity energia energia elétrica energy engenharia elétrica

ACESSO AO ARTIGO

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