Avaliação de antimicrobianos como promotores de crescimento via mistura mineral para bovinos de corte em pastejo / Antimicrobial growth promoters in mineral mixtures for grazing beef cattle

AUTOR(ES)
DATA DE PUBLICAÇÃO

2011

RESUMO

Antimicrobials which modifies rumen fermentation can improve economical efficiency of beef cattle grazing systems and reduce its possible impacts on the environment. It was conducted a series of experiments with the objective of evaluating free-choice mineral mixtures as an antimicrobial delivery system for grazing animals. On experiment 1, at Piracicaba-SP, 121 Nelore non-castrated male cattle were used, divided in four blocks. The experiment was conducted during 108 days from January through May, 2009. The blocks were subdivided in four treatments: CON control, mineral mixture without additive; SLN 1950 mg of salinomycin/kg of mineral mixture; SLNALTO 780 mg salinomycin/kg of high intake mineral mixture and VGN 1950 mg virginiamycin/kg of mineral mixture. Animals were weighted every 30 days. Amount of supplement offered and refusals were recorded weekly. Feces were collected to count Eimeria sp. eggs (OoPG). At two non-consecutive sampling dates, lithium enriched mineral mixtures were offered to estimate individual supplement intake using lithium as a blood marker. At the end of the experiment, ruminal contents were collected from animals using a stomach tube. Experiment 2 was conducted with a similar protocol to experiment 1, using 196 crossbred non-castrated male cattle at Caarapó-MS, during 137 days from May through August. Average daily gains were: 0.580; 0.620; 0.614 and 0.675 kg/head/day on experiment 1 and 0.487; 0478; 0.466 e 0.518 kg/head/day on experiment 2 for CON, SLN, SLNALTO and VGN groups, respectively. Differences between VGN and CON were significant (p<0.05) on experiment 1. On experiment 2, VGN was different from SLN and SLNALTO (p<0.05), but when compared to CON, p value was equal to 0,088. Mineral intake tended to be reduced with the inclusion of virginiamycin at experiment 1. Salinomycin did not reduced OoPG on both experiments. Ruminal fluid analysis did not showed alteration patterns on ruminal fermentation as normally would be expected with the antimicrobials. Blood lithium levels indicated high variability on intake between individuals and large number of animals that does not lick supplement during the sampling dates, which may explain the absence of effect of salinomycin. Individual intake patterns were not different between treatments. It was also conducted an experiment to evaluate the adequacy of the lithium methodology. Blood lithium levels were adequate to predict individual supplement intake for the day before sampling (r20.94), and very accurate to identify the number of animals that do not eat mineral mixture. On an in vitro study, it was rejected the hipotesis that salinomycin activity should have been reduced after supplement mixing. Virginiamycin was also tested on mineral mixtures provided in uncovered troughs. Treated animals gained 0.063 kg/head/day (10%) more weight than controls (p=0.019), and consumed 10% less supplement (p=0,062). Virginiamycin is an antimicrobial with potential for growth promotion on grazing animals using mineral mixtures as delivery system. More researches are needed to improve knowledge on using the additive for grazing animals.

ASSUNTO(S)

agentes antimicrobianos animal feed additives antimicrobial agents beef cattle bovinos de corte mineral supplements for animals. pastagens pastejo pastures suplementos minerais para animais. aditivos alimentares para animal

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