Atividade da superoxido dismutase, catalase, peroxidases e acumulo de H2O2 associados a infecção de um Carlavirus em soja e um Potyvirus no feijoeiro / Activity of superoxide dismutase, catalase, peroxidase and accumulation of H2O2 associated with the infection of a Carlavirus in soybean and a Potyvirus in bean

Ueliton Messias

Plants defend themselves from attacks of bacteria, fungi, viruses, invertebrate and other plants. Oxidative stress is a kind of physiological response of the plant related to defense mechanisms after recognition the pathogen, which may result in disease symptoms depending on host sensitivity. In this work, plants of two varieties of soybean infected by Cowpea Mild Mottle Virus (CPMMV), one highly sensitive (BRS132) and other with low sensitivity (IAC17) to the virus, were analyzed. Also, responses of bean plants (cv. Black Turtle 2, BT2) to Cowpea Aphid-Borne Mosaic Virus (CABMV) were examined. The parameters assessed included peroxide content (as hydrogen peroxide, H2O2), and activity of the following enzymes: superoxide dismutase, catalase, ascorbate peroxidase, guayacol peroxidase and syringadazine peroxidase. Distribution of virus and peroxidases in different tissues was also examined. In soybean cv BRS132, CPPMV induced an acute disease with severe symptoms finally resulting in plant death. In the less sensitive soybean cv IAC17, CPMMV induced a chronic disease with mild mosaic which was only visible in the second trifoliate and later leaves. Peroxide content and activity of guayacol and syringaldazine peroxidases were higher in infected plants of both cultivars. The virus was immuno-localized in stem and petiole cross sections, appearing in peripheral tissues and pith in cv BRS132, whereas in cv IAC17 it was localized mainly in the peripheral portion. In bean cv BT2, CABMV induced a acute response in the first trifoliate leaf, which presented a rough mosaic, necrotic lesions in veins and a "wilted" aspect. In this species all the assessed parameters showed higher values in the infected plants. Only the activity of superoxide dismutase was similar in healthy and infected plants. The vírus was localized in the pith and peripheral tissues of bean petioles, and only in the peripheral region of stems. Peroxidase and syringaldazine peroxidase activities were localized in the same tissues of the petiole where the CPMMV was localized in soybean plants and CABMV in bean plants. The response to CABMV observed in bean cv BT2 was similar to the response of soybean BRS132 to CPMMV, with some differences, since in bean the virus infection did not induce plant death. A significant rise in syringadazine activity was detected seven days after inoculation (DAI) in beans, while in soybean this increase occurred one day later. Both species also showed similar pattern of invasion of petiole tissues by the virus, mainly at the moment of abscission of leaflets. However, the virus invasion of stem was generalized in soybean BRS132 and contrastingly, limited to the peripheral tissues in bean. One possibility is that the early increase in syringaldazine activity observed in bean 7 DAI is indicative of some type of restriction to the spread of the virus, limiting it to the stem peripheral tissues. Probably this restricted spread of the virus in the stem underlies the survival of the apical meristem in bean cv BT2 in contrast to the death of the meristem in soybean cv BRS132

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