Atividade Anti-helmíntica e imunomoduladora de extratos de Cocos nucifera L. / Anthelmintic activity and immunomodulating extract of Cocos nucifera L.

AUTOR(ES)
FONTE

IBICT - Instituto Brasileiro de Informação em Ciência e Tecnologia

DATA DE PUBLICAÇÃO

19/12/2008

RESUMO

The development of resistance to synthetic anthelmintic required the search for alternatives for control of gastrointestinal nematodes. Among these, there is the use of medicinal plants. The liquid from the bark of the green coconut (LBGC) was extracted from Cocos nucifera L, followed by obtaining the butanol extract from LBGC. The objectives of this study were: 1) analyze the chemical composition based on tests phytochemicals; 2) To assess the effectiveness of LBGC and butanol extract on sheep gastrointestinal nematodes through hatching egg and larval development tests from Haemonchus contortus; 3) To assess the acute toxicity (p.o. and i.p.) in mice and subchronic and chronic toxicity (p.o.) in rats for both extracts.; 4) Study the effect of the butanol extract on mice intestinal parasites through of the worm burden reduction test; 5) analyze the immunomodulatory activity of butanol extract in mice that after immunization with sheep red blood cells (SRBC) were treated with 50 and 250 mg/kg of butanol extract, orally, for 7 consecutive days. The antibodies titre was determined on days 7, 14 and 21 after the boost with SRBC, while the cellular immune response (CIR) was evaluated by measuring foot thickness 24, 48, and 72 h. The cell migration (CM) was measured 6 h after administration the butanol extract at concentrations of 10, 50 and 250 mg/ml s.c. Phytochemical tests revealed the presence of triterpenes, saponins and condensed tannins in both extracts. In the in vitro tests, butanol extract and LBGC showed 100% ovicidal activity at concentrations of 2.5 and 10 mg ml-1, respectively. The larvicidal effect of LBGC and butanol extract was 81.30 and 99.80%, respectively, in higher concentrations. To acute toxicity, i.p., DL10 and the LD50 for LBGC was 199.63 and 305.02 mg kg-1, respectively. The DL10 to butanol extract was 247.32 mg kg-1 and LD50 of 321.3 mg kg-1. The extracts showed no oral toxicity. In subchronic and chronic toxicity, there was no significant clinical change in the hematology, biochemical and pathological parameters. In the effectiveness of parasites into mice, the butanol extract at a dose of 1,000 mg kg-1 decreased in 90.70% the worm burden (p <0.05). But the LCCV showed no activity at the doses used. To immunomodulation, the butanol extract stimulated the production of antibodies from day 14 (P <0.05). In CIR, there was no increase in mean paw thickness compared to controls. In MC there was reduction in total migration of leukocytes (P>0.05). Based on the results, the extracts from C. nucifera are promising to control gastrointestinal nematodes. Moreover, the butanol extract showed immunomodulatory activity, as it stimulated the production of antibodies without altering the cellular immune response.

ASSUNTO(S)

pequenos ruminantes nematóides gastrintestinais plantas medicinais taninos condensados coco reproducao animal small ruminants intestinal nematodes medicinal plants condensed tannins coconut

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