Altruism
Mostrando 25-36 de 59 artigos, teses e dissertações.
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25. "O avunculado na Antropologia Evolutiva: uma abordagem intercultural" / "The avunculate in the evolutionary anthropology: a cross cultural survey"
The present work proposes to account for cultural variability in connection to human family organization, through Darwins theories of natural selection and sexual selection. It is also founded on evidence based on the comparison of ethnographic data of diverse human societies. It intends to demonstrate that there is a significant alteration in the behavior
Publicado em: 2007
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26. SUICÍDIO POR CONTÁGIO: A MANEIRA PELA QUAL A IMPRENSA TRATA A MORTE VOLUNTÁRIA / SUICIDE BY CONTAGION: THE WAY IN WHICH THE PRESS TALKS ABOUT VOLUNTARY
Suicídio por contágio: a maneira pela qual a imprensa fala da morte voluntária. Partindo da experiência profissional do jornalista, o trabalho relaciona as formulações teóricas de Durkheim com o tipo de tratamento dado pela imprensa contemporânea às pessoas que tiram a própria vida. Fez-se uma leitura das reportagens sobre suicídio publicadas pelo
Publicado em: 2006
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27. Group therapy and nursing: the student and the theoretical-practical transition. / "Grupoterapia e enfermagem: o estudante e a transição teórico-prática"
Throughout its history, nursing teaching has been characterized by the constant implementation of curricular changes in undergraduate courses and discussions on pedagogical proposals. Nowadays, in the biopsychosocial, economic and cultural context, there has been a need to take into account the complexity of human beings and the environment they live in, so
Publicado em: 2005
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28. Figurações da donzela-guerreira nos romances Luzia-homem e Dona Guidinha do Poço
This research work studies the maiden-warrior s topos, her adequacy and withdrawal, in the novels Luzia-Homem and Dona Guidinha do Poço. It also studies this character s permanence in the imaginary of the western culture which has been strong enough to her fi-equent reappearing into the western literary tradition, with time, thus allowing her to configure t
Publicado em: 2001
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29. Group selection models in pre-biotic evolution / Modelos de seleção de grupo em evolução pré-biótica
Group selection was proposed initially within an ecological context as an evolutionary selective force acting on a group in the same way as the individual selection does on the individuals composing the population. Despite the initial resistance of the conservative evolutionary biologists concerning the ideas of group selection, in the last decades those con
Publicado em: 2000
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30. Altruism: Its characteristics and evolution
Altruism is a group phenomenon in which some genes or individuals, which must be presumed to be selfish, benefit others at cost to themselves. The presumption of selfishness and the fact of altruism are reconciled by kin-group selection and by reciprocal altruism. Kin-group selection is clearly visible only in special cases; its role even among social insect
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31. Gene-culture coevolution: models for the evolution of altruism with cultural transmission.
Models of sexual haploids under kin selection are constructed. The trait of altruism is transmitted vertically from parent to child, but not in a strictly genetic manner. Two systems of altruism are considered: parent-to-offspring and sib-to-sib. In the former case it is shown that even when Hamilton's conditions for the success of genetically determined alt
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32. Nonmathematical Models for Evolution of Altruism, and for Group Selection
Mathematical biologists have failed to produce a satisfactory general model for evolution of altruism, i.e., of behaviors by which “altruists” benefit other individuals but not themselves; kin selection does not seem to be a sufficient explanation of nonreciprocal altruism. Nonmathematical (but mathematically acceptable) models are now proposed for evolu
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33. Evolution of Interactions in Family-Structured Populations: Mixed Mating Models
The effect of inbreeding on sociality is studied theoretically for the evolution of interactions between siblings in certain mixed mating systems that give rise to inbreeding: sib with random mating and selfing with random mating. Two approaches are taken. First, specific models of altruism are studied for the various mating systems. In the case of the addit
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34. On the evolution of altruism by kin selection
A general model for the evolution of altruism is formulated. Central to the model is a pair of local fitness functions, which prescribe the fitness of the altruist and selfish phenotypes as functions of the composition of local groups into which prereproductives are subdivided. When the local groups are sibships or other kin groups, the model is one for kin
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35. The evolution of extreme altruism and inequality in insect societies
In eusocial organisms, some individuals specialize in reproduction and others in altruistic helping. The evolution of eusociality is, therefore, also the evolution of remarkable inequality. For example, a colony of honeybees (Apis mellifera) may contain 50 000 females all of whom can lay eggs. But 100 per cent of the females and 99.9 per cent of the males ar
The Royal Society.
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36. General kin selection models for genetic evolution of sib altruism in diploid and haplodiploid species.
A population genetic approach is presented for general analysis and comparison of kin selection models of sib and half-sib altruism. Nine models are described, each assuming a particular mode of inheritance, number of female inseminations, and Mendelian dominance of the altruist gene. In each model, the selective effects of altruism are described in terms of