Retrograde orbits perturbed by a third-body

This paper develops a semi-analytical study of the perturbation caused to a spacecraft by a third body involved in the dynamics. There are several important applications for this research, such as to calculate the effect of lunar and solar perturbations on high-altitude Earth satellites. In the present research the goal is to study the evolution of retrograde orbits around the Earth. There is a special interest to see under which conditions a near-circular orbit remains near-circular. The existence of circular, equatorial and frozen orbits are also considered, The results are valid for any sys...