Polytetrafluorethylene Membrane-Based Liquid Three-Phase Micro Extraction Combined with in situ Differential Pulse Anodic Stripping Voltammetry for the Determination of Cadmium Ions Using Au-Nanoparticles Sol-Gel Modified Pt-Wire

In this study, one particular application of ^{in situ} pulse anodic stripping voltammetry and polytetrafluoroethylene membrane-based liquid three-phase micro extraction is presented for the micro extraction and quantification of cadmium(II) ions in trace levels. The main factors influencing on preconcentration and micro extraction of cadmium ions such as organic solvent, aqueous feed solution pH and acceptor phases, complexing agent concentration, time of extraction and stirring were examined and discussed in details. The design voltammetric cell was made of three microelectrodes i...