Elastic modulus of PVDF with bentonite or LiNbO3 using deformation energy

Abstract Polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) is valued for its properties of transparency to light, lightness, flexibility, mechanical strength, chemical stability, ease of processing, and low-cost production. Ceramics have low mechanical strength and poor processability, but have excellent piezo- and pyroelectric characteristics. The deficiencies of ceramics can be minimized by combining them with polymers. Accordingly, PVDF samples with different percentages of bentonite or LiNbO3 were used to obtain composites via “casting,” and the modulus of elasticity (E) of the composites was studied usi...