Effects of the photobiomodulation using different energy densities on the periodontal tissues under orthodontic force in rats with type 2 diabetes mellitus

Abstract To evaluate the impact of the GaAlAs diode laser with energy densities of 160 J/cm2, 320 J/cm2, and 640 J/cm2 on the periodontal tissues under continuous orthodontic force application and on the rate of orthodontic tooth movement in rats with type-2 diabetes mellitus. The intensity of primary alveolar bone formation was also investigated through the immune-positive osteocytes for OPN antibody. Forty adult male Wistar rats were divided into eight groups of 5 rats: normoglycemic (N), 160 J-laser-normoglycemic (160 J-LN), 320 J-laser-normoglycemic (320 J-LN), 640 J-laser-normoglycemic (6...