A Model for the Formation of Niobium Structures by anodization

The fluoride use for anodizing electrolytes has been primarily responsible for the formation of nanoporous oxides at valve metals, except aluminum, since it causes a dissolution process. This study presents the formation of an oxide model according to the following anodizing parameters: 100 V, 12.73 mA/cm2, room temperature and the niobium samples anodized in niobium oxalate and oxalic acid electrolytes without and with the addition of HF for 5, 30 and 60 min. The anodized samples were analyzed morphologically by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS), atomic ...