Human Fitness
Mostrando 25-36 de 153 artigos, teses e dissertações.
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25. Estimating Relative Fitness in Viral Competition Experiments
The relative fitness of viral variants has previously been defined as the slope of the logarithmic ratio of the genotype or phenotype frequencies in time plots of pairwise competition experiments. Developing mathematical models for such experiments by employing the conventional coefficient of selection s, we demonstrate that this logarithmic ratio gives the
American Society for Microbiology.
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26. Nelfinavir-Resistant, Amprenavir-Hypersusceptible Strains of Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1 Carrying an N88S Mutation in Protease Have Reduced Infectivity, Reduced Replication Capacity, and Reduced Fitness and Process the Gag Polyprotein Precursor Aberrantly
The evolution of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) strains with reduced susceptibility to protease inhibitors (PIs) is a major cause of PI treatment failure. A subset of subjects failing a therapy regimen containing the PI nelfinavir developed mutations at position 88 in the protease region. The N88S mutation occurring in some of these subjects ind
American Society for Microbiology.
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27. Replicative Fitness of Protease Inhibitor-Resistant Mutants of Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1
The relative replicative fitness of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) mutants selected by different protease inhibitors (PIs) in vivo was determined. Each mutant was compared to wild type (WT), NL4-3, in the absence of drugs by several methods, including clonal genotyping of cultures infected with two competing viral variants, kinetics of viral ant
American Society for Microbiology.
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28. Real-Time PCR as a Versatile Tool for Investigating the Susceptibility of Human Herpesvirus 6 to Antiviral Agents
A quantitative real-time PCR assay was developed for the determination of antiviral drug susceptibility and growth kinetics of human herpesvirus 6. The susceptibility and fitness of a sensitive strain, HST, and its ganciclovir-resistant derivative, GCVR1, were then characterized, leading us to conclude that the mutations of this latter virus did not alter it
American Society for Microbiology.
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29. Relative Replicative Fitness of Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1 Mutants Resistant to Enfuvirtide (T-20)
Resistance to enfuvirtide (ENF; T-20), a fusion inhibitor of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1), is conferred by mutations in the first heptad repeat of the gp41 ectodomain. The replicative fitness of recombinant viruses carrying ENF resistance mutations was studied in growth competition assays. ENF resistance mutations, selected in vitro or in vivo
American Society for Microbiology.
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30. Drastic Fitness Loss in Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1 upon Serial Bottleneck Events
Muller’s ratchet predicts fitness losses in small populations of asexual organisms because of the irreversible accumulation of deleterious mutations and genetic drift. This effect should be enhanced if population bottlenecks intervene and fixation of mutations is not compensated by recombination. To study whether Muller’s ratchet could operate in a retro
American Society for Microbiology.
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31. Dobzhansky–Muller incompatibilities in protein evolution
We study fitness landscape in the space of protein sequences by relating sets of human pathogenic missense mutations in 32 proteins to amino acid substitutions that occurred in the course of evolution of these proteins. On average, ≈10% of deviations of a nonhuman protein from its human ortholog are compensated pathogenic deviations (CPDs), i.e., are cause
National Academy of Sciences.
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32. Broad spectrum of in vivo fitness of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 subpopulations differing at reverse transcriptase codons 41 and 215.
Viral populations in a human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1)-infected individual behave as a quasispecies with a rated distribution of fitness variants. Fitness distributions in naturally occurring viral populations have been difficult to study due to the lack of markers for individual virus clones and complicating inter- and intrahost factors like the
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33. Competitive Fitness of Nevirapine-Resistant Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1 Mutants
Determining the fitness of drug-resistant human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) strains is necessary for the development of population-based studies of resistance patterns. For this purpose, we have developed a reproducible, systematic assay to determine the competitive fitness of HIV-1 drug-resistant mutants. To demonstrate the applicability of this a
American Society for Microbiology.
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34. Fowl Cholera Immunization in Turkeys: III. Significance of Market Quality in the Evaluation of Fowl Cholera Vaccines 1
Turkeys vaccinated with various experimental vaccines and a commerical bacterin for fowl cholera and surviving an artificially induced epornitic were killed, and their carcasses were examined for wholesomeness. It was evident that, if the “fitness for human consumption” judgement was considered in addition to mortality, efficacy ratings of the various va
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35. Mental time travel and the shaping of the human mind
Episodic memory, enabling conscious recollection of past episodes, can be distinguished from semantic memory, which stores enduring facts about the world. Episodic memory shares a core neural network with the simulation of future episodes, enabling mental time travel into both the past and the future. The notion that there might be something distinctly human
The Royal Society.
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36. Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1 Fitness Is a Determining Factor in Viral Rebound and Set Point in Chronic Infection
Human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) isolates from 20 chronically infected patients who participated in a structured treatment interruption (STI) trial were studied to determine whether viral fitness influences reestablishment of viremia. Viruses derived from individuals who spontaneously controlled viremia had significantly lower in vitro replication
American Society for Microbiology.