Compound Stimuli
Mostrando 13-24 de 50 artigos, teses e dissertações.
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13. Configural Olfactory Learning in Honeybees: Negative and Positive Patterning Discrimination
In an appetitive context, honeybees (Apis mellifera) learn to associate odors with a reward of sucrose solution. If an odor is presented immediately before the sucrose, an elemental association is formed that enables the odor to release the proboscis extension response (PER). Olfactory conditioning of PER was used to study whether, beyond elemental associati
Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press.
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14. The Effect of Similarity between Elemental Stimuli and Compounds in Olfactory Patterning Discriminations
We studied the ability of honeybees to discriminate between single odorants and binary olfactory mixtures. We analyzed the effect of the number of common elements between these two stimulus classes on olfactory discrimination. We used olfactory conditioning of the honeybees' proboscis extension reflex (PER), a paradigm in which odors can be associated with a
Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press.
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15. Overexpectation: Response Loss During Sustained Stimulus Compounding in the Rabbit Nictitating Membrane Preparation
Rabbits were given reinforced training of the nictitating membrane (NM) response using separate conditioned stimuli (CSs), which were a tone, light, and/or tactile vibration. Then, two CSs were compounded and given further pairings with the unconditioned stimulus (US). Evidence of both overexpectation and summation effects appeared. That is, responding to th
Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press.
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16. A Modified Version of the Unique Cue Theory Accounts for Olfactory Compound Processing in Honeybees
We investigated the capability of honeybees to discriminate between single odorants, binary olfactory mixtures, and ternary olfactory mixtures in olfactory conditioning of the proboscis extension reflex. In Experiment 1, three single odorants (A+, B+, and C+) and three binary mixtures of these odors (AB+, AC+, and BC+) were reinforced while the ternary c
Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press.
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17. Generation of chemiluminescence by human neutrophils exposed to soluble stimuli of oxidative metabolism.
The detection of chemiluminescence of human polymorphonuclear leukocytes activated by the nonparticulate stimulus phorbol myristate acetate required the presence of suitable substrate, such as protein or luminol, in the reaction medium. This substrate requirement was met by the addition of human serum or various proteins, such as bovine serum albumin, lysozy
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18. Characteristic features of inhibitory junction potentials evoked by single stimuli in the guinea-pig isolated taenia caeci.
1. Changes in membrane potential of the guinea-pig isolated taenia caeci evoked by single stimuli have been investigated using intracellular recording techniques. Nifedipine (10 microM) was used to arrest spontaneous muscle action potentials. Single stimuli elicited complex junction potentials which consisted of both excitatory and inhibitory components. 2.
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19. Electrophysiological studies in acute organophosphate poisoning.
Electrophysiological studies in suicidal patients with organophosphate poisoning are reported. Patients often developed muscular weakness of variable severity owing to diplorisation block at nicotinic receptors. During such paralysis nerve conduction velocity and distal latencies were normal even in severely paralysed patients. The amplitude of the compound
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20. Sulphasalazine inhibition of human granulocyte activation by inhibition of second messenger compounds.
The effects of sulphasalazine on the production of second messenger compounds in human granulocytes have been characterised by various stimuli. The increases in cytosolic calcium, inositol trisphosphate, diacylglycerol, and phosphatidic acid (all important mediators of intracellular signal transduction) triggered by stimulation were inhibited by sulphasalazi
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21. Glutamate receptor antagonist infusions into the basolateral and medial amygdala reveal differential contributions to olfactory vs. context fear conditioning and expression
The basolateral amygdala's involvement in fear acquisition and expression to visual and auditory stimuli is well known. The involvement of the basolateral and other amygdala areas in fear acquisition and expression to stimuli of other modalities is less certain. We evaluated the contribution of the basolateral and medial amygdala to olfactory and to context
Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press.
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22. Human mast cells synthesize and release angiogenin, a member of the ribonuclease A (RNase A) superfamily
ANG is a plasma protein with angiogenic and ribonucleolytic activity implicated in tumor growth, heart failure, wound healing, asthma, and the composition of the adult gut microflora. Human mast cells (HuMC) are similarly associated with modulation of vascular permeability, angiogenic processes, wound healing, and asthma. We hypothesized that HuMC express an
The Society for Leukocyte Biology.
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23. Phosphorylation-independent bacterial chemoresponses correlate with changes in the cytoplasmic level of fumarate.
Bacterial chemotaxis is based on modulation of the probability to switch the direction of flagellar rotation. Responses to many stimuli are transduced by a two-component system via reversible phosphorylation of CheY, a small cytoplasmic protein that directly interacts with the switch complex at the flagellar motor. We found that the chemorepellents indole an
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24. Reduced voluntary electromyographic activity after fatiguing stimulation of human muscle.
1. After ischaemic ankle dorsiflexor muscles had been fatigued by repetitive stimulation of the peroneal nerve at 15 Hz, there was a reduction in voluntary EMG activity which persisted as long as the arterial cuff remained inflated. 2. The reduction in voluntary EMG activity could not have been due to loss of excitability at the neuromuscular junctions or mu