Cognitive Enhancement
Mostrando 13-24 de 27 artigos, teses e dissertações.
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13. Neonatal Exposure to Novel Environment Enhances Hippocampal-Dependent Memory Function During Infancy and Adulthood
Early life experience affects behavior and brain mechanisms. Handling rats during the first three weeks in life can slow age-related cognitive decline (as measured by a hippocampal-dependent spatial learning task) and reduce age-related hippocampal neuron loss. It is not clear, however, whether this early environmental influence on learning is selective for
Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press.
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14. Two routes to emotional memory: Distinct neural processes for valence and arousal
Prior investigations have demonstrated that emotional information is often better remembered than neutral information, but they have not directly contrasted effects attributable to valence and those attributable to arousal. By using functional MRI and behavioral studies, we found that distinct cognitive and neural processes contribute to emotional memory enh
National Academy of Sciences.
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15. Neural correlates of training-related memory improvement in adulthood and aging
Cognitive studies show that both younger and older adults can increase their memory performance after training in using a visuospatial mnemonic, although age-related memory deficits tend to be magnified rather than reduced after training. Little is known about the changes in functional brain activity that accompany training-induced memory enhancement, and wh
National Academy of Sciences.
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16. Enhancement of folates in plants through metabolic engineering
Humans depend on plants as a major source of dietary folates. Inadequate dietary levels of the vitamin folate can lead to megaloblastic anemia, birth defects, impaired cognitive development, and increased risk of cardiovascular disease and cancer. The biofortification of folate levels in food crops is a target for metabolic engineering. Folates are synthesiz
National Academy of Sciences.
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17. Effect of nicotine on brain activation during performance of a working memory task
Nicotine influences cognition and behavior, but the mechanisms by which these effects occur are unclear. By using positron emission tomography, we measured cognitive activation (increases in relative regional cerebral blood flow) during a working memory task [2-back task (2BT)] in 11 abstinent smokers and 11 ex-smokers. Assays were performed both after
The National Academy of Sciences.
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18. The tyrosine kinase and mitogen-activated protein kinase pathways mediate multiple effects of estrogen in hippocampus
Estrogen replacement therapy in women is associated with improvement of cognitive deficits and reduced incidence of Alzheimer's disease. The present study indicates that estrogen is neuroprotective against N-methyl-d-aspartate (NMDA)- and kainate-mediated neurotoxicity, an effect mediated by tyrosine kinase/mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) pathways. E
The National Academy of Sciences.
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19. Enhanced GABAergic inhibition preserves hippocampal structure and function in a model of epilepsy.
Extensive electrical stimulation of the perforant pathway input to the hippocampus results in a characteristic pattern of neuronal death, which is accompanied by an impairment of cognitive functions similar to that seen in human temporal lobe epilepsy. The excitotoxic hypothesis of epileptic cell death [Olney, J. W. (1978) in Kainic Acid as a Tool in Neurobi
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20. Enhanced learning after genetic overexpression of a brain growth protein
Ramón y Cajal proposed 100 years ago that memory formation requires the growth of nerve cell processes. One-half century later, Hebb suggested that growth of presynaptic axons and postsynaptic dendrites consequent to coactivity in these synaptic elements was essential for such information storage. In the past 25 years, candidate growth genes have been impli
The National Academy of Sciences.
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21. Tonic inhibition in mouse hippocampal CA1 pyramidal neurons is mediated by α5 subunit-containing γ-aminobutyric acid type A receptors
The principal inhibitory neurotransmitter in the mammalian brain, γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA), is thought to regulate memory processes by activating transient inhibitory postsynaptic currents. Here we describe a nonsynaptic, tonic form of inhibition in mouse CA1 pyramidal neurons that is generated by a distinct subpopulation of GABA type A receptors (GABAARs
National Academy of Sciences.
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22. Nonpharmacological amelioration of age-related learning deficits: The impact of hippocampal θ-triggered training
Age-related learning deficits are often attributed to deterioration of hippocampal function. Conversely, a well studied index of hippocampal activity, the θ rhythm, is known to enhance hippocampal plasticity and accelerate learning rate in young subjects, suggesting that manipulations of θ activity might be used as a means to counteract impairments related
National Academy of Sciences.
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23. Photophysics of a neurotransmitter: ionization and spectroscopic properties of serotonin.
The neurotransmitter serotonin plays a modulatory role in the regulation of various cognitive and behavioral functions such as sleep, mood, pain, depression, anxiety, and learning by binding to a number of serotonin receptors present upon the cell surface. The spectroscopic properties of serotonin and their modulation with ionization state have been studied.
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24. Internal Ca2+ mobilization is altered in fibroblasts from patients with Alzheimer disease.
The recent demonstration of K+ channel dysfunction in fibroblasts from Alzheimer disease (AD) patients and past observations of Ca(2+)-mediated K+ channel modulation during memory storage suggested that AD, which is characterized by memory loss and other cognitive deficits, might also involve dysfunction of intracellular Ca2+ mobilization. Bombesin-induced C