Bronchodilation
Mostrando 13-23 de 23 artigos, teses e dissertações.
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13. Effect of the leukotriene receptor antagonist MK-0679 on baseline pulmonary function in aspirin sensitive asthmatic subjects.
BACKGROUND--The cysteinyl leukotrienes (LTC4, LTD4, and LTE4) have been shown to mediate airway obstruction evoked by several factors which trigger asthmatic reactions--for example, allergen and exercise. Accordingly, drugs which block the action or formation of these leukotrienes are being evaluated as a new treatment of asthma. Elevated production of leuko
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14. A calcium antagonist, nifedipine, modifies exercise-induced asthma.
In eight extrinsic asthmatic subjects (age range 16-38 years) there was a significant reduction (p less than 0.01) in the severity of bronchoconstriction after a treadmill exercise test performed 30 minutes after nifedipine 20 mg sublingually. The maximum fall in peak expiratory flow after exercise was 36.0 +/- SEM 5.3% compared with a maximum fall of 56.5 +
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15. Dose response of ipratropium bromide assessed by two methods
The dose-response relationships of ipratropium bromide were assessed by two different techniques in two groups of 10 male patients with partially reversible airways obstruction. In a randomised double-blind fashion on four days, 10 patients were given 40 μg, 80 μg, or 120 μg of ipratropium bromide or placebo from identical containers. Baseline FEV1 and vi
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16. Effect of an extension tube on the bronchodilator efficacy of terbutaline delivered from a metered dose inhaler.
A double-blind within-patient investigation was performed to determine whether the interposition of an extension tube (10 cm length X 3.2 cm diameter) between a metered dose inhaler and the mouth alters the bronchodilator efficacy of terbutaline sulphate. On two consecutive study days 14 adult patients with stable reversible airways obstruction inhaled a cum
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17. Effect of infused vasoactive intestinal peptide on airway function in normal subjects.
Vasoactive intestinal peptide, one of the putative neurotransmitters of non-adrenergic inhibitory nerves in human airways, is a potent relaxant of human airways in vitro. Previous in vivo studies of infused vasoactive intestinal peptide in asthmatic subjects have shown only a small bronchodilator effect, which may have been secondary to the cardiovascular ef
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18. Dose-response study of sodium cromoglycate in exercise-induced asthma.
Ten patients with exercise-induced asthma participated in a single-blind dose-response study comparing the protective effect of inhaled sodium cromoglycate in increasing concentrations from 2 to 40 mg/ml. Saline was used as a control. Effects were assessed from the mean maximal percentage fall in forced expiratory volume in one second (FEV1) after the patien
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19. Beta-blockers in bronchial asthma: effect of propranolol and pindolol on large and small airways.
In 11 asthmatic subjects the relative magnitude and the site of airway bronchoconstriction were compared after the oral administration of 40 mg of propranolol and 2.5 mg of pindolol and the magnitude and site of bronchodilation produced by 0.5 mg subcutaneous terbutaline were tested after pretreatment with propranolol and pindolol. Specific airway conductanc
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20. Bronchodilatation induced by deep breaths in relation to transpulmonary pressure and lung volume.
Induced bronchoconstriction in normal subjects can be transiently reversed by a deep breath (airway hysteresis). The mechanisms of airway hysteresis are not fully understood. The aim of these studies was to determine whether the nature of the deep breath (slow or fast inspiration, five or 10 second breath hold) affects the resultant bronchodilatation. Bronch
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21. Bronchodilator action of inhaled nitric oxide in guinea pigs.
The effects of inhaling nitric oxide (NO) on airway mechanics were studied in anesthetized and mechanically ventilated guinea pigs. In animals without induced bronchoconstriction, breathing 300 ppm NO decreased baseline pulmonary resistance (RL) from 0.138 +/- 0.004 (mean +/- SE) to 0.125 +/- 0.002 cmH2O/ml.s (P less than 0.05). When an intravenous infusion
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22. Mechanism regulating proasthmatic effects of prolonged homologous β2-adrenergic receptor desensitization in airway smooth muscle
Use of long-acting β2-adrenergic receptor (β2AR) agonists to treat asthma incurs an increased risk of asthma morbidity with impaired bronchodilation and heightened bronchoconstriction, reflecting the adverse effects of prolonged homologous β2AR desensitization on airway smooth muscle (ASM) function. Since phosphodiesterase 4 (PDE4) regulates ASM relaxatio
American Physiological Society.
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23. Effects of prior treatment with salmeterol and formoterol on airway and systemic beta 2 responses to fenoterol.
BACKGROUND: Previous studies have shown that both salmeterol and formoterol act as partial beta 2 receptor agonists in terms of antagonising the extrapulmonary responses to fenoterol in normal subjects. The aim of the present study was to extend previous observations in evaluating the effect of prior treatment with salmeterol and formoterol on bronchodilator