What does citizen Kane have to do with Queen Christina? the economics and politics for the perpetuation of gender stereotypes in transnational cinemas / O que o cidadão Kane tem a ver com a Rainha Christina? : a economia e a política para a perpetuação dos estereótipos de gênero nos cinemas transnacionais

AUTOR(ES)
DATA DE PUBLICAÇÃO

2009

RESUMO

This thesis analyzes the striking features, common and fundamental, in Eurocentric audiovisual productions, hegemonic and dominant on the world scenery, which incite, perpetrate and perpetuate the denial of the feminine and the formation of gender stereotypes that pervade the diverse cultures and global societies. Theories of the moving image (cinema) and photography, as well as the critiques of feminist theories of cinema, are developed as tools for research. Image is a powerful tool of communication; it is similar to or confused with what it represents. Visually imitator (mimesis), or reflection, can lead to knowledge, to education, or serve as a means to deceit. Image builds up mental associations systematically. The analysis of the (im)materiality of the image questions its various meanings and the issues it raises as a sign. The methodology involves a hybrid of comparative reading and film analysis of the audiovisual productions in case study, in terms of gender, the feminist and psychoanalytic criticism: the so-called History of the Possible. The andro-eurocentric memory control, especially through audiovisual media, is linked to historical issues of power and domination. In this realm, woman is the second sex, she is the Other, and is represented by the identity of patriarchal domination: Man. Recent researches and data demonstrate, and confirm, the incredible growth of the film industry in the USA. The production, distribution, exhibition, box office revenues, video and DVD sales stir a global scale sum around 10 to 12 billion dollars, which grows annually. Despite all this industrys common places, clichés, ready-made formulas or sequels, it is constantly trying to follow up and fulfill new demands and what would be politically correct angles on matters like racism, sexism, gender, environment, multicultural or religious issues. Nonetheless, at the dawn of this 21st century, little has changed, in fact. Chiefly, in what touches gender troubles. Many are the critics who complain against female stereotypes which have been perpetuated and are used, and abused, repeatedly, within the United States mass media (motion picture and TV industry), and consequently all over the Western world. However, film industry executives argue that established social and cultural politics and the economy dynamics of the industry, as a whole, make it impossible to avoid and prevent such stereotypes in their productions. Women around the globe still have to deal with the fact that most moviemakers are far more concerned about being called racists, for instance, than misogynists.

ASSUNTO(S)

póscolonialismo historia cinema psicanálise história, transnacionalismo e transculturalismo feminismos e estudos de gênero women and gender studies teorias da imagem multicultural and postcolonial studies, psychoanalysis, and history cinema

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