Violência contra menores de 15 anos no município de Londrina, Paraná: análise epidemiológica de suas notificações / Violence against children under age 15 in the county of Londrina, Paraná: epidemiologic analysis of its notifications

AUTOR(ES)
DATA DE PUBLICAÇÃO

2008

RESUMO

Introduction: In Brazil, data on the dimension of violence are still sparse, precluding the detection of the exact frequency of child and adolescent abuse. In face of both the epidemiological importance of violence against a child or adolescent and the biopsychosocial consequences of this violence, it becomes essential to know it in order to map its morbidity, still unknown in the county under study. Aim - to study the occurrence and the characteristics of violence against children under age 15 who live in the county of Londrina, Paraná State, and were attended by the Tutelary Councils of Londrina and victimized child and adolescent care services in 2002 and 2006. Methodology: Data were obtained from the records of the Tutelary Councils, the county s program "Sentinela" (Watcher) - that attends child and adolescent victims of sex abuse -, the Londrina State University extension project "De Olho no Futuro" (Watch the Future) - that offers multidisciplinary attendance to child and adolescent victims of violence -, and Londrina s Juvenile Court. Data collection comprised two steps: 1) data collection from the Tutelary Councils and care services on the attendances in 2002 and 2006 for comparative analysis. 2) follow up of the cases delivered to Court in 2002 (five years past denunciation). A previously tested form was used. Both the cases of violence and the decurrent lesions were classified in accordance to Chapter XX and XIX of the International Classification of Diseases (ICD), tenth revision. Variables as to denunciation, care attention, victim, family, aggressor, violence inflicted, consequences of violence, recidivism and final results of cases delivered to Court have been analyzed. Data processing and diagramming was accomplished with the software Epi Info, version 6.0. Results: 1620 notified cases of violence against youth under age 15 were studied (607 in 2002 an 1013 in 2006), which represent an incidence rate of 0.5% and 0.8% respectively. Denunciators were most frequently the mother (21.1% in 2002 and 24.2% in 2006), the school (15.2% in 2002 and 10.3% in 2006) and health professionals (19.9% in 2002 and 23.7% in 2006). Highest incidence coefficients were observed at the age of 2 for girls (coefficient of 13.5 per 1000 children) and at the age of 6 for boys (12.7 per 1000) in 2002. In 2006, highest coefficients for girls were observed at the age of 4 (26.4) and for boys at the age of 5 (16.5). Violence was more frequent in families of 3 to 4 members (46.4% in 2002 and 54.2% in 2006). The number of 2 victims in the house occurred in 38.8% of the cases in 2002 and in 37.6% of the cases in 2006. 51.9% (2002) and 65.1% (2006) of the victims were children of separated parents. The aggressor s age for both 2002 and 2006 was 20 to 24 years old for female (46.9% in 2002 and 41.6% in 2006) and 30 to 34 years old for male aggressors (34.7% in 2002 and 32.9% in 2006). Most of the aggressors had not finished basic education (79.7% in 2002 and 82.8% in 2006) and were employed (50.6% in 2002 and 58.8% in 2006). Violence was inflicted by the mother (33.6% in 2002 and 27.6% in 2006), by the father (32.4% in 2002 and 27.1% in 2006), stepfather (10.4% in 2002 and 15.7% in 2006) and stepmother (5.3% in 2002 and 15.5% in 2006). Alcoholism was observed to be a risk situation for the male aggressor (53.4% of the cases in 2002 and 61.3% in 2006). Among female aggressors, alcoholism together with a conjugal crisis and maternity problems were the most frequent risks (26.0% in 2002 and 34.9% in 2006). Most of the violent acts were inflicted more than four times (77.1% in 2002 and 85.1% in 2006) and during a period of 1 to 2 years prior to denunciation (36.3% in 2002 and 20.7% in 2006). Violence occurred most frequently at the home of the victim (82.0% in 2002 and 86.0% in 2006). In most of the cases, the victim suffered more than one type of violence; most frequent types were physical violence (49.1% in 2002 and 47.3% in 2006), negligence and abandonment (24.7% in 2002 and 30.4% in 2006) and sexual violence (19.8% in 2002 and 18.4% in 2006). Corporal lesions were present in 90.4% of the cases in 2002 and 92.0% in 2006. Presence of sequelae occurred in 99.3% (2002) and 99.0% (2006) of the studied population, being physical sequela of highest prevalence (94.2% in 2002 and 97.0% in 2006), of which 89.5% (2002) and 95.6% (2006) came together with psychological sequela. Recidivism occurred in 10.6% of the cases. Among the cases forwarded to Court, 40.0% of the lawsuits had been dismissed and 31.7% were on, 38.4% of which had social assistance, in 26.0% of such the child victim was in a foster home with social assistance and in 20.5% the child s custody was temporarily awarded to grandparents whilst the parents remained under treatment. Conclusions: the intention of this study is to help make violent acts against children and adolescents more visible by providing data based on which preventive actions and assistance can take place.

ASSUNTO(S)

causas externas battered child syndrome child abuse síndrome da criança maltratada external causes violence child health violência maus tratos infantis saúde da criança

ACESSO AO ARTIGO

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