UM MÉTODO ROBUSTO DE ELEMENTOS FINITOS GENERALIZADOS APLICADO À MECÂNICA DA FRATURA / A ROBUST GENERALIZED FINITE ELEMENT METHOD APPLIED TO FRACTURE MECHANICS

AUTOR(ES)
DATA DE PUBLICAÇÃO

2004

RESUMO

The Finite Element Method is certainly the most generally used technique for the solution of Engineering problems. However, there are some classes of problems in which the method is still not straightly applicable. One of those is related to the simulation of problems with moveable geometry and/or boundary conditions, in the field of Computation Mechanics. Typical examples are found in fields such : large deformations, crack propagation, two- phase flow, heat transfer with phase change, and so on. In these cases, because displacements at the interfaces and the geometry are to be followed throughout the solution, a regular finite element procedure becomes too cumbersome to represent, requiring the use of sophisticated procedures for adaptation and mesh reconstruction. To overcome these difficulties, two classes of new numerical procedures have been recently proposed: i) Meshless Methods (MM), where the state-variables are interpolated by a set of node values, within the problem domain, without using element boundaries and, ii) Generalized Finite Elements Method (GFEM), where the interpolation function basis is expanded in order to accommodate specific interpolation functions, adjusted to the problem in consideration. In this work the characteristics of these two procedures were evaluated considering their applications to numerical problem solutions, in the field of fracture mechanics. It is demonstrated that the GFEM results in a better numerical procedure considering applications to the crack propagation problem, in the context of linear fracture mechanics. In this method, the displacement fields provided by standard FEM are locally enriched by specific functions which represent, implicitly and independently of the mesh, the requirements for displacement discontinuities. The new function basis also incorporates a solution for the displacements in the neighborhood of the crack tip, obtained from linear fracture mechanics solution. The formulation has been implemented for the analysis of plane problems using a new numerical integration strategy, for numerical evaluation of the equilibrium equations. This integration procedure uses a composition of Gauss-Lobato e Gauss-Radau quadratures, assuring the method numerical robustness, with no requirements for mesh reconstruction. Numerical test solutions with GFEM models are compared to experimental and other classic solutions to demonstrate the method applicability to the analysis of linear fracture mechanics problems.

ASSUNTO(S)

fracture mechanics mecanica da fratura crack propagation elementos finitos propagacao de trincas finite elements

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