Um estudo sobre alterações ambientais independentes da resposta, comportamento supersticioso e desamparo aprendido

AUTOR(ES)
FONTE

IBICT - Instituto Brasileiro de Informação em Ciência e Tecnologia

DATA DE PUBLICAÇÃO

30/04/2002

RESUMO

Sometimes environmental changes that follow responses are not produced by the responses themselves, such changes are response independent and the probability of their occurrence do not depend on the occurrence of a response. Two different fields of research have investigated the independent relation between the emission of responses by an organism and environmental changes. The first one, was advanced by Skinner (1948;1953/1965) and established that an accidental connection between response and environmental change was a sufficient condition for the establishment of an operant pattern of responding. Overnier and Seligman ( 1972) established the second research interest, arguing that when organisms were submitted to such situations they learned that responding was not effective, what interfered with further learning. of operant responses. The present study was a replication of Matute s (1995), with the following aim: To verify the effects, in human subjects, of the exposure to different percentages (25 and 75%) and distribution (during the last trials or randomly distributed) of, 1 or 5 seconds of duration, sounds that could not be turned off by their responses. The sought for effects of the manipulation of these parameters were: (a) Does a superstitious pattern oi responding emerge? (b) Do such environmental changes control different verbal reports relate to the independence between their own responding and the end o the sounds? (c) When a controllable task is presented, do subject s behavior show the effects of their previous experience of uncontrollability? Results showed the development of superstitious patterns of responses during the first experimental phase (uncontrollability). Results also showed that, generally speaking, subjects whose behavior showed the "interference effects" during phase 2, also reported that they were in a uncontrollable situation during phase 1

ASSUNTO(S)

psicologia experimental alterações ambientais independentes do responder comportamento supersticioso desamparo aprendido comportamento humano response-independent schedule superstitious behavior learned helplessness

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