Tratamento de esgoto sanitário pelo sistema zona de raízes utilizando plantas de bambu / Sewage treatment by root zone system using bamboo plants.

AUTOR(ES)
FONTE

IBICT - Instituto Brasileiro de Informação em Ciência e Tecnologia

DATA DE PUBLICAÇÃO

31/08/2011

RESUMO

This study aimed to evaluate the efficiency of three species of bamboo (Guadua angustifolia, Phyllostachys aurea and Phyllostachys bambusoides) in the sanitary sewage treatment, with a vertically downward sub-surface flow root zone system, in Goiânia, GO, Brazil. Sewage from a university was applied to asbestos cement water tanks with 1,000 liters volume capacity, filled with oxisol above a 0,26 m drainage layer of gravel # 3. Bamboo seedlings were planted in nine beds and three beds remained without plants (controls). The wastewater was captured at the initial part of a facultative pond and applied to the surface of the treatment beds, three times a day, using a timer controlled pump. It was used a hydraulic retention time (HRT) of 2.3 days for 150 days and a HRT of 5.2 days for 360 days. Within the treatment beds, the wastewater was maintained two inches below the substrate surface. For a period of twelve months sewage samples were collected before and after passing through each treatment bed. The samples were submitted to laboratory testing for determination of chemical oxygen demand, biochemical oxygen demand, turbidity, ammonia nitrogen, phosphates, fecal coliforms and hydrogenic potential. The evapotranspiration rate of each treatment was measured, their efficiencies in removing the sewage pollutant load were calculated and the behavior of plants in treatment beds were observed. The results were submitted to F and Tukey (5% of probability) tests. Bamboo plants of G. angustifolia and P. bambusoides species developed normally, while the plants of the specie P. aurea had developmental delay because of the sewage application. In general, the specie G. angustifolia showed greater efficiency in removing the pollution load of all attributes. Effluent attended the Brazilian legislate for disposal in to receiving bodies. There was a higher removal of BOD and phosphate to the HRT of 5.2 days. The HRT of 2.3 days was better on removing ammonia nitrogen, while the removal of COD and fecal coliforms were not affected by different HRTs.

ASSUNTO(S)

aalagados construídos fito-remediação evapotranspiração afluente saneamento ambiental 1. eng sanitária efluentes; 2. esgoto sanitário tratamento; 3. bambu fitorremediação constructed wetlands phyto-remediation evapotranspiration affluent

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