"Tolerância de espécies de capim-colchão (Digitaria spp) a herbicidas na cultura de cana-de-açucar" / Tolerance of the crabgrass species (Digitaria spp) to herbicides in the sugarcane crop

AUTOR(ES)
DATA DE PUBLICAÇÃO

2004

RESUMO

It is known that the repetitive and successive use of the same or differents herbicides, but with same mechanism of action, impose a selection pressure on the weed population controled. The two main forms of weed population response resulted from the selection pressure of the herbicide is, weed species shifts, through selection of the tolerant species of weed, or selection of resistant biotipes within the population. It has been observed by sugarcane growers weed species shifts whitin the genus (Digitaria spp). It is suspected that the populations selected are constituted by different crabgrass species, with higher level of herbicide tolerance. The objectives of the research were: (i) identify taxonomically the crabgrass infesting the sugarcane crop in São Paulo state – Brazil, and to study herbicide efficacy in the control of the Digitaria nuda in field conditions; (ii) compare the susceptibility of D. nuda and D. ciliaris to herbicides of the chemical groups triazine, substituted urea, imidazolinone, triazinone, and inhibitors of carotene synthesis, and quantify the level of susceptibility of the species, through dose-response curves; (iii) determine, by using 14C-herbicide, the absorption and translocation by the species Digitaria nuda and Digitaria ciliaris of herbicides diuron (by leaf), and imazapyr and metribuzin (by root). The identification of the crabgrass species (Digitaria spp) was carry out following a identification key published in the literature. In the study of herbicides efficacy in the control of Digitaria nuda in field conditions, eight herbicide treatments, applied in pre-emergence were used, and the control percentage was evaluated at 15, 30 and 60 days after herbicide application (DAA). The study of herbicide efficacy to control the species Digitaria nuda and Digitaria ciliaris were conducted in greenhouse. Eight herbicide treatments, applied in pre-emergence were used, and the control percentage was evaluated at 14 and 21 days after herbicide application (DAA). The study of the level of tolerance was conducted in the greenhouse of the Department of Crop Science, University of São Paulo, Piracicaba/SP – Brazil, through dose-response curves; The study of absorption and translocation were conducted in a growth chamber, and the 14C-herbicide analysis was done in the Laboratory of Ecotoxicology of the Center of Nuclear Energy Applied to Agriculture, Piracicaba/SP, Brazil, using 14C-herbicide, measuring radioactivity in different plant parts. The results allowed to conclud that: (i) the specie Digitaria nuda was selected by repetitive applications of the herbicides used in the control of the crabgrass in the sugarcane crop, showing that the specie is more tolerant to the herbicides of the chemical group of imidazolinone and substituted urea, when compared to Digitaria ciliaris; (ii) From the dose-response curves study, it was observed that Digitaria nuda showed more tolerance than Digitaria ciliaris to the herbicides diuron, imazapyr and tebuthiuron; (iii) The absorption and translocation were not the mechanism responsible for the tolerance showed by Digitaria nuda to the herbicides diuron and imazapyr.

ASSUNTO(S)

absorção fitotecnia absorption dinâmica de populações population dynamics weeds plant science plantas daninhas

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