Timing of neoadjuvant therapy and surgical treatment in rectal cancer

AUTOR(ES)

Gouveia, Manuel Campos de

FONTE

J. Coloproctol. (Rio J.)

DATA DE PUBLICAÇÃO

13/06/2019

RESUMO

RESUMO Objetivos do estudo: Avaliar o timing ideal entre a terapêutica neoadjuvante e cirúrgica no carcinoma do reto e a sua influência nos outcomes de tratamento. Material e métodos: Utilizando a “PubMed”, foi feita uma revisão sistemática da literatura disponível acerca da influência do timing cirúrgico após quimiorradioterapia neoadjuvante no tratamento do carcinoma do reto. Resultados e discussão: Foram analisados 34 artigos publicados até Abril de 2017, sendo que destes nove foram ensaios clínicos randomizados, um foi ensaio clínico não randomizado, 23 foram estudos retrospetivos e um foi uma meta-análise. Estes estudos compararam intervalos de tratamento que variaram entre 2 e 19 semanas. Intervalos entre as 9–14 semanas demonstraram aumento do downstaging tumoral e da taxa de resposta patológica completa. Estes intervalos demonstraram segurança para os doentes. Contudo, poucos estudos demonstraram diferenças na sobrevida dos doentes. Os intervalos mais usados entre a QRT neoadjuvante e o tratamento cirúrgico são de 6–8 semanas. Apesar disso, intervalos superiores às 6–8 semanas demonstram potenciais benefícios para os pacientes sem os colocar em risco de progressão da doença. São limitados os estudos que avaliam o efeito na sobrevida e recorrência em longo prazo. Conclusão: A programação da cirurgia superior às 8 semanas após quimiorradioterapia parece ser preferível às 6–8 semanas até recentemente praticada, aumentando o downstaging tumoral e a taxa de resposta patológica completa.ABSTRACT Study objectives: To evaluate the ideal timing between neoadjuvant therapy and surgical treatment of rectal cancer, as well as the influence on treatment outcomes. Methods: Using PubMed, a systematic literature search was made on the influence of surgery timing after chemoradiotherapy in treating rectal cancer. Results and discussion: A total of 34 articles published until April 2017 were analyzed. Nine of them were randomized clinical trials, one was a non-randomized trial, 23 were retrospective studies, and one was a meta-analysis. These studies compared treatment intervals varying between two and 19 weeks. Intervals of nine to 14 weeks showed increased tumor downstaging and higher rates of complete pathological response. These intervals shown safety for patients. Nonetheless, few studies showed differences in overall survival. The most used intervals between neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy are six to eight weeks. Despite that, intervals longer than these show potential benefits for patients without putting them at risk of disease progression. Studies evaluating the effect of overall survival and long-term recurrence are scarce. Conclusion: Programming surgery more than eight weeks after chemoradiotherapy seems preferable to the six to eight weeks most recently practiced, increasing tumor downstaging and having higher complete pathological response rates.

Documentos Relacionados

• Transanal endoscopic operation for rectal cancer after neoadjuvant therapy
• Assessment of the non-surgical treatment of patients with rectal cancer who underwent neoadjuvant treatment with chemotherapy and radiotherapy at the oncology department
• Impact on sexual function of surgical treatment in rectal cancer
• Efficacy, Safety, and Biomarkers of Neoadjuvant Bevacizumab, Radiation Therapy, and Fluorouracil in Rectal Cancer: A Multidisciplinary Phase II Study
• Downstaging of a rectal gastrointestinal stromal tumor by neoadjuvant imatinib therapy allowing for a conservative surgical approach