The use of cardiotocography as a method of diagnosis of the occurrence of fetal distress (fetal hypoxia) during intrauterine life in fetuses of Nellore generated through the technique of somatic adult cell nuclear transfer - Cloning / O uso da cardiotocografia como método de diagnóstico da ocorrência de sofrimento fetal (hipóxia fetal) durante a vida intrauterina de fetos da raça Nelore originados por meio da técnica de transferência nuclear de células somáticas adultas - Clonagem

Mariana Tikuma Nunes

This research had the purpose to standardize the technique of cardiotocography to be used to assess the presence of hypoxia / fetal distress during intrauterine life, trying to establish from the 7th month of pregnancy the normal range of fetal heart rate in healthy fetuses and from artificial insemination and cloning to evaluate the influence of the parameters obtained in the examination of cardiotocography. Were followed the pregnancies of 14 cows and animals are divided into three experimental groups: Dead Clones Group - composed of 5 pregnant cows which was accompanied the cardiotocography of fetuses generated by the technique of cloning, in which the death occurred in the calf first 36 hours of life; Living Clones Group - composed of 4 pregnant cows which is accompanied cardiotocography of fetuses generated by the technique of cloning and remained alive after the birth, control group - composed of 5 pregnant cows in which follow - the cardiotocography of fetuses generated by artificial insemination and gave rise to healthy calves. The animals were monitored by periodic assessment of cardiotocography performed in the following periods: 90, 60, 30, 15, 7, 6, 5, 4, 3, 2, 1 day before parturition and day of birth. For the examinations we used the apparatus of cardiotocography Brand Philips Avalon FM30 model, where the cows were. The tests had a duration of 20 to 40 minutes of track, and the ultrasound transducer was adjusted to obtain the best fetal cardiac signal. Immediately after birth, was held to assess the viability of newborn calves by the method APGAR and the observation of colored yellow calves due to the presence of meconium in the uterine secretions. Through cardiotocography tracings were analyzed with the parameters of cardiotocography : the baseline, acceleration transient, prolonged accelerations, variability, tachycardia, bradycardia, and deceleration modes, and the final calculated the index cardiotocométrico. In the animals classified as inactive or hypoactive stimulation was applied by rectal palpation of the interdigital space with pinch of the fetus with order to modify the behavior and prevent fetal false positives. An examination of cardiotocography has proven effective in evaluation of fetal vitality in the bovine species. The mean values and standard deviation of the baseline fetal heart rate (from baseline) in healthy fetuses was equal to 116.4 ± 9.07 bpm. Tachycardia was considered a fetal heart rate equal to or greater than 145 bpm bradycardia and a heart rate less than or equal to 90 bpm. It was considered normal for cattle variability with values between 5 and 15 bpm. It was found that the presence of transient accelerations are indicative of fetal well-being, and the number of transient accelerations considered physiological ranges between 1 and 5. Deceleration is indicative of the existence of fetal distress and is not observed in healthy animals. In the group of clones dead, there are changes in cardiotocography consistent with the occurrence of fetal distress / intrauterine hypoxia. The fetuses of the group of clones had killed more often moments of fetal hypoactivity than the fetuses of the group of clones live fetuses and the control group and the group of fetuses dead clone were classified more frequently as non-reactive to stimulation of the pinch ends of the fetuses in the control group. The fetuses of the group of dead clones showed bradycardia more often (11.8%) than that observed in the control group (0.00%). It was observed that the group of dead clones (1.4 ± 1.6) the number of transient acceleration was significantly lower than that observed in the group of live clones (3.50 ± 2.70) and the control group (2 , 70 ± 1.80).

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