The reconstruction of color spaces: type 2 diabetes and mercury vapour intoxication / Reconstrução do espaço de cores de pacientes com discromatopsia adquirida: diabéticos tipo 2 e intoxicados por vapor de mercúrio

AUTOR(ES)
DATA DE PUBLICAÇÃO

2006

RESUMO

Purpose. Color vision was examined in two groups of patients, one group with diabetes mellitus type 2 (DM2) without retinopathy (n=32) and a second group with chronic exposure to mercury vapour (Hg) (n=18), as well as in the respective age-matched controls (n=23; n=18) in order to reconstruct their color spaces. We assessed the type and degree of distortions of individual and group color spaces. Method. The experimental groups and age-matched controls were tested using the D-15 and the D-15d tests. In addition, subsets of caps from both tests were employed in a triadic procedure. Matrices of inter-cap subjective dissimilarities were estimated from each subject’s ‘odd-one-out’ choices, and processed using non-metric multidimensional scaling (mds). Two-dimensional color spaces, individual and group (DM2; Hg and control groups), were reconstructed with the axes interpreted as the red-green (RG) and blue-yellow (BY) perceptual opponent systems. Results. In the traditional procedure, the patients results were significantly different from the age-matched control groups for the D-15d test for the mean eyes in the DM2 group (p= 0.027) and in the Hg group (p= 0.0003). The losses in the D15d were concentrated in the BY axis. In the color space analysis color configurations for both groups were compressed along both the RG and BY dimensions. These losses are therefore classified as diffuse. For the quantitative analysis, the residuals were calculated in comparison to controls for the group color spaces. Values for the mean eyes were 0.18 (RG) and 0.20 (BY) for DM2 group, and were 0.10 (RG) and 0.19 (BY) for Hg group. Comparing the results between experimental groups, the degree of compression in the Hg group shows a greater difference in the magnitude of losses between the RG and BY dimension. For DM2, there was a negative correlation between the color vision performance and the time of diagnosis (R= 0.56, p= 0.001). Discussion. The present findings are in agreement with earlier studies demonstrating diffuse losses in early stages of DM2. They also confirm that color vision is impaired in patients with long-term vapour mercury intoxication and suggested that Hg intoxication may not be totally reversible. Since the triadic procedure shows losses in both the RG and BY axes while the traditional procedure shows only BY deficiencies, we consider that the triadic procedure is more sensitive. Conclusion. Along with fundoscopy, individual color spaces may serve for monitoring early functional changes in DM2 and thereby to support a treatment strategy. In case of mercury intoxication, the reconstruction of color spaces may contribute to researches in this field in order to evaluate the possible non-reversible intoxication and gives additive data for the necessity to establish more security indices of occupational mercury exposure. The proposed method of testing uses color spaces to represent discrimination, providing an opportunity for more differentiated diagnosis of the type and the severity of color vision loss.

ASSUNTO(S)

color discrimination mercury poisoning psychophysics diabetes intoxicação por mercúrio psicofísica discriminação de cores oftalmologia diabetes ophthalmology

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