Temperatures and periods of drying delay and quality of corn seeds harvested on the ears

AUTOR(ES)

Carvalho, Everson Reis

FONTE

J. Seed Sci.

DATA DE PUBLICAÇÃO

09/09/2019

RESUMO

Resumo: Sementes colhidas em espiga possuem elevados teores de água. Assim, o objetivo neste trabalho foi avaliar a perda de qualidade fisiológica de sementes de milho colhidas em espiga, em função do retardamento de secagem. As espigas de milho híbrido foram colhidas com 31% de umidade e submetidas ao atraso da secagem por 0, 12, 24 e 36 horas, sob as temperaturas de 30, 40, 50 e 60 °C. As avaliações da qualidade fisiológica foram realizadas aos 0, 4, 8 e 12 meses de armazenamento. Utilizou-se o delineamento inteiramente casualizado, em um esquema fatorial 4 x 4 x 4, com quatro repetições. Adicionalmente, foi realizado um levantamento do tempo médio até a secagem e temperatura de todas as cargas de um híbrido recebidas em uma unidade de beneficiamento de sementes. A qualidade fisiológica não foi afetada pelas temperaturas abaixo de 40 ºC, considerando-se 36 horas de espera até a secagem. Com a temperatura no retardamento da secagem de 50 °C, a germinação foi prejudicada com 36 horas e o vigor com 24 horas de atraso, e os danos foram maiores com o avanço do armazenamento. Para a temperatura de 60 ºC, as perdas de qualidade ocorrem nas primeiras horas de retardamento de secagem.Abstract: Seeds harvested on the ears have high moisture content. On that account, this study aimed at evaluating the loss of physiological quality of corn seeds harvested on the ears, as a function of different drying-delay times. Hybrid corn ears were harvested at 31% moisture and then had their drying postponed for 0, 12, 24 and 36 h, while subjected to temperatures of 30, 40, 50 and 60 °C. The physiological quality was evaluated after 0, 4, 8 and 12 months of storage. A completely randomized design was employed, in a 4 x 4 x 4 factorial scheme, with four replications. In addition, a study was performed in a seed-processing unit, reporting the average waiting time before drying and the temperatures of all loads of a corn hybrid received at the facility. The physiological quality was not affected by temperatures below 40 °C, considering 36 h of waiting before drying. At 50 ºC during the drying delay, the germination was impaired 36 h afterward, and the vigor was compromised after 24 h, with the damage effects intensifying as the storage advanced. At the temperature of 60 ºC, the deficits in germination and vigor occurred within the first hours of drying delay.

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