Suprimento de nitrogênio e de potássio e características morfogênicas, nutricionais e produtivas do capim-Marandu / Nitrogen and potassium supply and the morphogenetic, nutritional and productive characteristics of Marandu palisadegrass

AUTOR(ES)
DATA DE PUBLICAÇÃO

2009

RESUMO

Nitrogen and potassium are essentials for plant development, are extracted by plants in high amounts and their availabilities may change the morphogenetic, productive and nutritional characteristics of plants. The objectives of this research were: a) to assess fertilization with nitrogen and potassium rates on morphogenetic and shoot and root dry matter production of Brachiaria brizantha cv. Marandu; b) to evaluate the nitrogen, potassium, nitrate and ammonium concentration in the recently expanded leaf laminae and in the roots, SPAD values, and nitrate reductase activity, and ammonium and nitrate distribution in parts of Marandu palisadegrass in response to nitrogen and potassium rates combinations in nutrient solution. A greenhouse experiment was carried out, using ground quartz as a substrate, from December/2007 to February/2008. The experimental design used was fractionated 52 factorial, with 13 combinations of nitrogen and potassium rates, set in randomized block design with four replications. Two harvests were done in the plants. The nitrogen rates x potassium rates interaction was significant for the number of tiller, number of leaves, leaf area, above-ground, roots dry matter, total and specific root length, and total and specific root surface. Forage grass above-ground yield was positively correlated with number of tillers, number of leaves and leaf area. Nitrogen rates modulated the root system development, and the root specific length and surface decreased when high rates of both nitrogen and potassium were applied. Nitrogen rates x potassium rates interaction was significant for nitrogen, potassium, nitrate and ammonium concentrations in the recently expanded leaf laminae and in the roots. Nitrate reductase activity was increased with increasing the rates of both nitrogen and potassium. Nitrate and ammonium content in plant shoot were distributed following the order: culms+sheaths >recently expanded leaf laminae >emergent leaves >mature leaf laminae, showing culms+sheaths as a plant part of nitrate and ammonium a low nitrate reductase activity. Nitrogen rates highly influenced SPAD values, which increased with nitrogen rates in the nutrient solution. Nitrogen and potassium may affect the morphogenetic characteristics of Marandu palisadegrass, which were determinant for above-ground and root dry matter. The development of the root system depended on adequate plant nutrition, mainly in nitrogen. Nitrogen and potassium influenced the mineral nutrition status of Marandu palisadegrass and they increased the SPAD values, nitrate reductase activity, and nitrogen, potassium, nitrate and ammonium concentrations in shoots and roots of grass.

ASSUNTO(S)

ammoniu diagnostic leaf sistema radicular. spad. capim marandu - produtividade nitrate potássio root nitratos diagnose foliar brachiaria brizantha nitrogênio shoot nutrição vegetal morfogênese vegetal

ACESSO AO ARTIGO

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