Supressão da infestação de plantas daninhas pelo sistema de produção de integração lavoura-pecuária / Weed infestations suppression by the cropping system of integration of crop-cattle production

AUTOR(ES)
DATA DE PUBLICAÇÃO

2005

RESUMO

The intercropping system with different vegetable species has become a common agricultural practice in conservationist production systems, that among the advantages of its use, it can be obtained the integrated weed management. However, the wide use of these cropping systems nowadays has required the development of researches related to growth and development of cultivated plants in coexistence, as well as to the local weed community infestation. The integration among annual crops and pastures grown simultaneously in an area has become as an alternative cropping system for the recovery of degraded soils by the intensive use for cattle grazing; however, there are still some scientific and practical questioning about this cropping system about weed management in the system, and the relation with crop yields grown in coexistence. Therefore, this research had the objective of evaluating the influence of integration of three grass forage crops (Brachiaria decumbens, Brachiaria brizantha and Panicum maximum) intercropped with corn (Zea mays) crop on: (i) infestation and seed bank of three weed species (Ipomoea grandifolia, Amaranthus hybridus and Digitaria horizontalis); (ii) final biomass of the forage crops; (iii) corn grain yields; (iv) growth curves of corn plants, forage tillers and weed plants studied. The experiments were developed in the experimental area of the Crop Production Department of Escola Superior de Agricultura “Luiz de Queiroz”, University of São Paulo – Brazil. The experimental design used in the field experiment was randomized complete blocks, with split plots, and the experiment in the greenhouse was in a factorial design. The evaluated parameters for the field experiment were: weed density (plants.m-2); leaf area per plant or tillers (cm2) and dry biomass yield per plant or tillers (g) of corn and forage crops and weeds, and green biomass of the forage crops (ton.ha-1) and corn grain yield (ton.ha-1). In the greenhouse it was evaluated the weed emergence of the soil seed bank, from samples collected of the plots in the field experiment. The results allowed concluding that the use of the system crop – cattle production contributes significantly in the reduction of the infestation of the studied weeds, helping in a sustainable way the integrated weed management, being the weed infestations suppressed in different intensities by the forage crops tested. Furthermore, it also can be concluded that there was as reduction in the weed soil seed bank in different intensity by the forage crops, as well as, the reduction in the corn grain yield and forage green biomass in the system, when compared with the monocrops. However, the general conclusion is that the research showed technical viability of integration crop and forage production systems, which weed management is done a cultural way, without the use of herbicide, therefore contributing for the reduction in the possible environmental impacts caused by the utilization of chemical products in the agriculture.

ASSUNTO(S)

pasture integrated management lavoura pastagem cultivada cattle-raising milho consorciação de cultura intercooping manejo integrado planta daninha recuperação do solo crop weed forage pecuária planta forrageira soil recovery corn

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