Study on factors which affect the accuracy of the filter-paper method. / Estudo sobre fatores que influenciam a acurácia do método do papel-filtro.

AUTOR(ES)
DATA DE PUBLICAÇÃO

2007

RESUMO

The purpose of this work is to verify the susceptibility of the filter-paper method to variations in three experimental parameters: roughness of porous medium (structure of porous matrix), period of exposition of the filter-paper to pore water (equilibration time) and degree of deficiency in contact between the filter-paper and the porous medium. In order to study roughness of porous medium (structure of porous matrix), three particulate materials have been used. Individually considered, they present a poorly graduated grain size distribution. They differ one from another for their average grain size, which assumes specific values for each material. As a summary description, it would be possible to classify them as kaolin, fine sand (F = 0.15 mm) and coarse sand (F = 0.60 mm). Such peculiar grain size distribution may disqualify these materials as representative of soils which normally occur in engineering problems. In fact, for the purposes of the present work, soil samples are instruments of investigation, while the method of suction measurement is the object of study. A set of samples was designed in order to make feasible simultaneous gauging of all relevant information. Thus, experimental procedure yielded at once data concerning all three parameters. Three groups of samples (each one assembling 9 elements) were created so that remarks could be made on equilibration time. Each of them is called family, being inspected according to a determined periodicity (7 days, 14 days and 28 days). On their turn, families are composed by smaller groups called branches (each branch gathers three samples, all made of the same material). Branches are intended to make possible the evaluation of the effect of average grain size on the accuracy of the filter-paper technique. Finally, in order to evaluate the role of deficient contact between the filter-paper and the soil, samples of a single branch (thus made of the same material) were designed to present a circular perforation on one of their faces. Within each single branch, from sample to sample, perforation diameter increases to generate growing lack of contact between the filter-paper and the soil sample (lack of contact may assume three different values: 20%, 50% or 80% of the filter-paper surface). Perforation depth doesnt vary from sample to sample, always being equal to the thickness of the perforated disk used in total suction measurements (which is 2 mm). As for roughness of porous medium (structure of porous matrix), it has been noticed that both average grain size and void ratio are directly proportional to percent measurement deviation. In other words, the smaller the average grain size and the void ratio, the smaller will be percent measurement deviations. As for period of exposition of the filter-paper to pore water (equilibration time), it has been noticed that extending time for interaction between filter-paper and soil may compensate difficulties interstitial water might have to access filter-paper. At first, water reaches the filter-paper on regions where there is effective contact. Then, progressively, water tends to migrate through the filter-paper, wetting it uniformly. As for degree of deficiency in contact between the filter-paper and the porous medium, it has been noticed that such variable is directly proportional to percent measurement deviations. In other words, the greater the lack of contact between the filter-paper and the soil, the further is suction measurement from its full matric suction equivalent. Graphically, it corresponds to a detachment between the retention curve associated with partial matric suction and the retention curve associated with full matric suction. Additionally, it has been noticed that detachment between retention curves hasnt occurred uniformly. For lower volumetric water contents, percent measurement deviations were greater. Hence, detachment occurred as a combination of translation and distortion.

ASSUNTO(S)

sucção técnicas de medição de sucção método do papel-filtro mecânica dos solos suction unsaturated soils suction measurement techniques soil mechanics solos não saturados filter-paper method

ACESSO AO ARTIGO

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