Spatial indices for measuring residential segregation: the case of São José dos Campos (SP) / Índice espaciais para mensurar a segregação residencial: o caso de São José dos Campos (SP)

AUTOR(ES)
FONTE

IBICT - Instituto Brasileiro de Informação em Ciência e Tecnologia

DATA DE PUBLICAÇÃO

23/03/2005

RESUMO

Residential segregation is the separation among families belonging to different social groups. In Latin America, where the attributes that characterize segregation are mainly socioeconomic, there are several evidences about the negative impacts of this phenomenon on the city and the life of its citizens. Such evidences have demanded a more detailed comprehension of residential segregation. In this context, segregation measures are useful tools for the analysis of patters, causes and consequences of this phenomenon. However, most of the studies focused on segregation measurement have so far relied on nonspatial and global indices. In other words, the applied measures are unable to consider the spatial arrangement of population and to show the variation of segregation along the city. Besides, the use of segregation measures in these studies has not been followed by any procedure for assessing a threshold that determines whether a certain population distribution is segregated or not. The purpose of this work is the formulation and evaluation of methods and techniques of segregation measurement that are able to overcome the mentioned shortcomings. Specifically, we proposed: (a) spatial segregation indices, obtained by the extension of existing global and nonspatial indices; (b) local indices of segregation, developed by the decomposition of the proposed spatial indices; and (c) the application of a statistical test to determine the significance of the computed indices. The proposed methods and techniques were evaluated using an artificial dataset as well as São José dos Campos (SP) data from 1991 and 2000. By means of this experiment, it was possible to identify segregation patterns in the city during the period of study.

ASSUNTO(S)

sensoriamento remoto segregação mensuração Áreas residenciais fatores sociais sistemas de informação geográfica são josé dos campos remote sensing segregation mensurement residential areas social factors geographic information systems

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