Spatial and temporal evaluation of water balance processes in a soil with citrus / Avaliação espaço-temporal de processos do balanço de água em um solo com citros

AUTOR(ES)
DATA DE PUBLICAÇÃO

2006

RESUMO

The objective of the present work was to quantify and characterize spatial and temporal variability of water storage, matric potential, water flux density and actual evapotranspiration in an oxisol cropped to citrus. The experimental plot consisted of two transects with 20 observation points in a spacing of four meters. Each observation point was located in the central distance between two plants in the plant line. The citrus crop was installed in March of 1991 in a spacing of 4 x 7 m (four meters among plants in the line and seven meters among lines). In each observation point were installed a) one aluminiun tube to access a neutron probe till the depth of 1.2 m to determine water storage in the 0-1.2 m soil profile and b) three tensiometers at the depths of 1.0, 1.1 and 1.2 m to determine soil matric potential and soil water total potential gradient at the depth of 1.1 m then to calculated soil water flux density at the 1.1 m soil depth by means of Darcy-Buckingham equation. Measurements were made during three years, those of matric potential, dayly, and those of soil water content, weekly. In each observation point, undisturbed soil samples were removed from 0.3, 0.5, 0.7, 0.9 e 1.1 m soil depths to determine saturated soil hydraulic conductivity, soil water retention curve and soil bulk density. By means of geostatistical techniques, spatial dependence for soil water storage was verified with a range of 17 m in average. It was observed time stability for both soil water storage and matric potential that from the Spearman rank coefficients among dates. For the soil water storage, this coefficient showed higher values during the recharge period, that this, time stability for soil water storage was higher during the recharge period. For the matric potential occurred the inverse: time stability was higher during the drying period. By means of the relative difference from the mean, in the time stability study the following points closer were to the mean: point 29 (for the three years) for soil water storage and points 24, 13 and 11 for soil water matric potential for years 1, 2 and 3, respectively. By means of the soil water storage methodology, it was quantified a water consumption (actual evapotranspiration) for the citrus crop of 1,340 mm (daily average value of 3.49 mm) and a water loss by internal drainage that corresponded to 10 % in average, for the three years of experiment.

ASSUNTO(S)

neutron probe geoestatística solos geostatistics tensiometer transect tensiômetro time stability sonda de nêutron citricultura água do solo

ACESSO AO ARTIGO

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