Soil cover management: initial development of pear trees hosui cultivar and its effects on soil and weeds

AUTOR(ES)

Delonzek, Edina Costa

FONTE

Rev. Bras. Frutic.

DATA DE PUBLICAÇÃO

25/04/2019

RESUMO

Resumo O manejo do solo é uma prática que pode ter marcante influência no desenvolvimento de frutíferas. Neste sentido, o objetivo do trabalho foi avaliar o efeito do uso de diferentes tipos de cobertura de solo no controle de plantas daninhas e no desenvolvimento inicial da pereira cv. Hosui. O experimento foi conduzido durante dois ciclos consecutivos: 2015/2016 e 2016/2017. Os tratamentos consistiram nas seguintes coberturas de solo na linha de plantio das pereiras: cobertura natural, palhada de azevém consorciado com milheto, serragem de pínus, tela de sombreamento (70%), casca de arroz, fibra de curauá e capina. A infestação do solo por plantas daninhas foi avaliada no período de primavera-verão, durante dois anos, assim como o desenvolvimento vegetativo da pereira (altura e diâmetro de plantas e índice de clorofila SPAD). Os manejos com fibra de curauá e com palha de azevém+milheto tiveram os maiores efeitos de supressão sobre as plantas daninhas. A altura e o diâmetro das pereiras foram menores com cobertura natural e serragem de pínus, havendo maior crescimento das plantas com a fibra de curauá e com capina. Índices SPAD mais elevados ocorreram com a fibra de curauá, capina e azevém+milheto. A fibra de curauá também se destacou quanto aos teores foliares de Fe e Mn, enquanto os teores de Zn foram maiores com azevém+milheto e casca de arroz. A palhada de azevém+milheto e a casca de arroz destacaram-se quanto aos atributos químicos de fertilidade do solo e quanto aos índices de macrofauna edáfica. Conclui-se que a fibra de curauá e palhada de azevem+milheto controlam plantas daninhas no pomar, promovendo o desenvolvimento inicial da pereira cv. Hosui.Abstract Soil management is a practice that influences the development of fruit trees. In this sense, the objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of different soil cover/mulching types on weed control and on the early development of pear trees Hosui cultvar. The experiment was conducted in two consecutive cycles: 2015/2016 and 2016/2017. Treatments consisted of the following soil covers in pear tree planting rows: natural cover, ryegrass straw intercropped with millet, pine sawdust, shading cover (70%), rice husk, Curauá fiber and weeding. Soil infestation by weeds was evaluated in the spring-summer period for two years, as well as the vegetative pear tree development (plant height and diameter and SPAD chlorophyll index). Managements using Curauá fiber and ryegrass straw + millet had the greatest suppression effects on weeds. The height and diameter of pear trees were smaller with natural cover and pine sawdust, while higher plant growth was observed with Curauá fiber and with weeding. Higher SPAD indexes was observed with Curauá fiber, weeding and ryegrass + millet. Curauá fiber also stood out for Fe and Mn leaf contents, while Zn contents were higher with ryegrass + millet and rice husk. Ryegrass straw + millet and rice husk can be highlighted for the chemical attributes of soil fertility and soil macrofauna indexes. It could be concluded that Curauá fiber and azevem + millet weed control weeds in the orchard, thus promoting better initial development of pear trees Hosui cultivar.

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