Smooth muscle cell behavior of rat ventral prostate after androgen deprivation in vivo and mechanical stretch assay in vitro / Comportamento da celula muscular lisa da prostata ventral de ratos apos privação androgenica in vivo e sob estiramento mecanico in vitro

AUTOR(ES)
DATA DE PUBLICAÇÃO

2007

RESUMO

Smooth muscle cells (SMC) are the main component of the prostatic stroma and play important roles in the organ physiology, acting on the contraction associated with ejaculation and on the remodeling related to neoplasias or androgen deprivation, on the production of paracrine factors and the synthesis/degradation/reorganization of extracellular matrix components, after an intricate mechanism of intercommunication with epithelial cells. Besides, it has been proposed that tumor invasion depends on the active participation of stromal cells, including SMC, on the production of MMPs and/or their inhibitors among other factors. The present study investigated the expression of smooth muscle markers on the rat ventral prostate after long term androgen deprivation. Another set of experiments were designed to study the effect of mechanical stretching on SMC behavior in culture. The results demonstrated that SMC are affected by androgen deprivation. Even though the SMC exhibited morphological changes, they kept the expression of smooth muscle markers at the protein (SM α-actin and SM-MHC) and mRNA levels (smoothelin, sm22 and calponin). These results reinforce the idea that prostatic SMC modulate their phenotype (contractile vs. synthetic) without compromise the differentiation state. It is well known that the primary function of the SMC is the organ contraction and that it subjects the cells to mechanical deformation. For this reason, it was decided to test whether SMC modulate their behavior in response to mechanical stretching in vitro under controlled conditions. It was demonstrated that both cyclic and static mechanical stretches decrease SMC proliferation. On the other hand, cyclic stretching increased the concentration in SM-MHC and SM α-actin that could be associated with cell hypertrophy. To confirm this hypothesis, the F-actin content was measured through the intensity of FITC-phalloidin labeling by flow cytometry at the single cell level. The results confirmed that cyclic stretching caused a significant increase in cytoskeleton mass, what is compatible with cell hypertrophy. This effect was not observed after static stretching. The two sets of results confirm that SMC exhibit great phenotypical versatility, responding not only to hormonal stimuli, but also to functional demands.

ASSUNTO(S)

smooth muscle cell celula muscular lisa castration mechanical stretch prostata prostate castração estiramento mecanico

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