Simulação hidrológica de rios com grandes planícies de inundação

AUTOR(ES)
FONTE

IBICT - Instituto Brasileiro de Informação em Ciência e Tecnologia

DATA DE PUBLICAÇÃO

2010

RESUMO

Besides understanding the current hydrologic behavior of a river and floodplain drainage system, it is important to be able to predict its future conditions in light of possible impacts due to anthropogenic activities and climate variability. Mathematical modeling is the ideal tool for this purpose. For large scale hydrologic systems, if the objective is to simulate spatiotemporal inundation patterns over floodplain, the traditional methodologies currently being used are not adequate. This Thesis presents a computational simulation system developed for this purpose, which is composed by coupling a 1D-hydrodynamic model (IPH4 model), to simulate flow routing along main channels, and a 2D-raster based model, to simulate floodplain inundation. This floodplain model discretizes the floodplain into a regular grid and simulates the flow over floodplain according with its topography and water level differences between grid elements. A specific module simulates lateral water exchanges between channel and floodplain according with water level differences, which may occur along the whole channel flowpath. Another module performs the vertical water balance between precipitation and evapotranspiration over floodplain. A set of computational routines was developed aimming at facilitating input data preparation in a coherent and georreferenced way, mainly focused on establishing connections between channel and floodplain discretizations. As study case, a total of 3965 km of main channels and of 219.514 km2 of floodplains (Pantanal) of the Upper Paraguay River Basin was simulated for a period of 11 years and 4 months (set/1995 to dez/2006). In spite of data scarcity regarding physical characteristics, the results obtained were satisfactory, in terms of flow regime and water level variation in main channels and also in terms of inundated areas and spatio-temporal inundation patterns over floodplain. Regarding this last issue, the developed system was able to simulate the Pantanal seasonal flood pulse. Calculated inundated areas were coherent with estimates from others authors, and in the inundation maps obtained it was possible to distinguish permanent flooded areas, due to main channel flow spilling, from areas seasonally inundated due to precipitation. This result showed the importance of taking into account the vertical hydrologic proccesses for simulating seazonal floodplain inundation. Performance measures obtained by comparing simulated floodplain maps with those from other study estimated using satellite images were considered similar to the reported values in literature, which in turn refer to modeling lower scale sites with larger data availability.

ASSUNTO(S)

hidrologia : simulacao modelos hidrodinamicos modelos hidrologicos planície de inundação

Documentos Relacionados